University Community Essay Example for Free

University Community Essay University is a scholarly institution of higher learning, which provides an opportunity to a well-knitted community of inquisitive students, pioneering researchers, competent staff and distinguished faculty to help one another in upgrading their specific skills. It has been my earnest desire to seek admission in the prestigious University of Massachusetts at Boston, where I could not only acquire professional knowledge and problem solving skills, but also, make a positive contribution towards the growth of its university community. Discussion As a rationalist thinker and pragmatic worker, I would make best use of learning opportunities provided to me by the university community, and I would also get involved in the academic, social, political, and cultural activities of the university community. I shall briefly discuss my ambitious plan of learning from, and contributing to the university community. My Opinion of University Community I would define university community as a cohesive family of knowledge seeking students, promising researchers, proficient administrative staff and distinguished professors. Such a competent community works unitedly with four major objectives, namely, teaching, learning, research and development. The students comprise the majority population of the university community, which aims to impart quality education to the inquisitive students. Experienced and knowledgeable professors help the students to understand the courses taught, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and attain their full potential by the time the students complete their degree programs. Similarly, the researchers endeavor to find cost-effective solutions to the numerous existing problems of the society, whereas, the adept administrative staff ensures that university is always equipped with adequate infrastructural facilities. Excellent Educational Qualifications I completed my school education from the reputed Malden Catholic High School, where I secured good grades in all courses. I always completed my assignments in time, and my teachers appreciated me for my creative and critical thinking skills. At present, I am attending the renowned Fisher College to enhance my knowledge in informational technology. I am well prepared to pursue an undergraduate degree program in the University of Massachusetts at Boston, and I promise to perform equally well in all the courses, projects and seminars through my diligence and commitment to the academic standards of the university community. Voluntary and Commercial Work Experience I have an attitude to help my fellow humans, and alleviate the suffering of humanity. So, I had volunteered my services in Winchester Hospital at a time when the hospital was in shortage of funds and manpower. To support my livelihood, I work as a lifeguard on weekends, and also assist my supervisor in Bonacorso Insurance in day-to-day office operations. I have imbibed useful organizational and time management skills, which shall enable me to effectively manage the exhaustive curriculum load during my studies at University of Massachusetts at Boston. Conclusion I have excellent educational qualifications, diverse work experience in finance and healthcare organizations, and determination to pursue my undergraduate studies from the University of Massachusetts at Boston. I intend to become an integral part of the university community comprising students, researchers, faculty and staff, besides participating in academic, social, political and cultural activities in the University of Massachusetts at Boston.

Development of Child Minding Business: Activity Planning

Development of Child Minding Business: Activity Planning Unit Two Part One – Documentation for a child minding business Clear documentation is essential, as it is an area that receives inspection from Ofsted. Ofsted is the independent regulatory body for schools (including child care providers delivering the early years foundation stage curriculum) that reports directly to the government. The documentation you need for a child minding business are as follows: Criminal records bureau check (CRB)- this will check a person for any criminal records or convictions that may be held against their name. CRB is the first piece of documentation that should be filed in the documentation toolkit. A CRB check is necessary for any adult that will be caring for children within the childcare setting. Child record form- this provides a snapshot of crucial information relating to the child being cared for and will be the first form accessed in the case of an emergency. This form should include, child’s name, D.O.B, address, parent/carers address and contact details, child’s doctors names and contact details, 2 emergency contacts, medical history, immunisations, allergies, dietary requirements, medical conditions, religion (if appropriate) and any other relevant information. Child information record book- this is an essential piece of documentary evidence required by Ofsted, it documents daily the various activities a child has carried out, food they have eaten, number of nappies changes (if applicable) and any other relevant information relating to the child that occurs during the day. The book is usually taken home daily or weekly by the parent so they can see what activities their child has been engaging in during the day and what learning has taken place. The record book can also act as a means of communication for non-urgent items between the parent and child care provider. Childcare agreement forms- this provides the contract between the parent and the childcare provider. The child care agreement sets out essential information such as the child’s contact details, parent/guardian information, start date, hours and days the child will be attending, details of collection from the setting and fee information (including any retainer fees that may be payable). Accident record and incident forms- the accident form gives a detailed account off the accident that has occurred, where it happened, names of any adults who witnessed the accident, type of first aid that was given at the time (if applicable), this should also include the date, name and signature of the person who completed the form. It should also contain a section for the child’s parent to sign to confirm that they have read the report and are aware of the accident. The incident form is very similar to the accident form, it is used to give details of anything that may result in the child becoming upset and distressed ex, a child may be playing with a family cat and be scratched. The incident form is to be completed and signed the same as the accident form and read and signed by the parent. Existing injuries form- an existing injuries form is used to document any injuries, (bruise or cut) which a child may arrive with. Both the childcare provider and the parent should sign the form. These could be completed in the setting before the session starts or issued to parents in advanced. Fire and safety form- this is used to give details if the correct evacuation process from the setting in case of a fire breaking out. All children being cared for should be regularly exposed to a practice fire drill the dates of the drill and children involved should be documented, dated and signed in the fire safety form. Vehicle records and parent permission to travel in a vehicle- this form should contain information regarding registered and insured vehicles that are to be used for the purpose of childcare. These vehicles should have appropriate insurance cover and documentation about who is insured and registered to dive the children around. As well as the vehicle record, it is necessary to obtain a signed form from a parent giving permission for their child to be transported in their childcare provision registered vehicles. This could be for regular trips t a playgroup, the park or an organised outing. Prescription and non-prescription medical record card- this can either be incorporated into the child’s record or detailed separately. It should contain information on prescription and non-prescription medicines the child may need administered by the childcare provider. It should detail the name of the drug, dose and frequency it should be administered. The childcare provision should obtain written permission from the parent for each drug to be given to their child. Each time it is administered it should be recorded in the form. This procedure should also be carried out for non-prescription medication that a child requires, as agreed with the parent. The parent should also detail under what circumstances the medication should be given. Outings and consent forms- there are 2 different typed of consent forms that may be required for documenting small trips and pre-planned larger scale trips. A form including clauses that detail the types of outings a child can go on can be used; this form could include permission statements for trips on public transport, foot, carer’s cars or any other car (e.g. carers friends car). This form should be signed by the parent and kept in the child’s file. In addition to this form a separate form may be required for larger outings, or for those that may require financial contribution from the parent. Financial forms- record of payment, invoice, receipt- as well as the collection of forms already discussed, there are three necessary financial forms for recording financial details relating to the home child care business. Record of payment of fees- used to record fee payments by the parent. The childcare provider signs to say that the payments by the parent have been received. There may be occasions when a receipt is used for other purposes, educational products purchased from the childcare provider. Record of complaint- any complaints may be required to be shared with parents, Ofsted and possibly other agencies. Therefore, it is extremely important that the complaints form is completed accurately, and as soon after the complaint is made so the information is accurate. The next section should contain details of the complaint in full. The following sections should go on to detail how the complaint was dealt with, along with any action that was taken. The child provider should ten sign and date the form. Depending on the nature of complaint, it might be necessary to refer it to Ofsted, particularly if an allegation f serious harm or abuse is made. Part Two – Activities that stimulate children developmentally Play is an essential part of a child development, and there are many activities that can be done to enhance the development of a child, intellectually, socially and physically. Depending on the space available, there are various different options for incorporating physical development activities into a child’s day; for example, skipping is a good physical development activity as it encourages co-ordination and strength. Physical development activities also help to promote a healthy living and exercise. Physical development also helps to develop a child’s gross-motor skills; gross-motor skills refer to the big physical movements made by a child or baby, such as crawling, rolling and walking. Additional activities that enhance physical development of gross-motor skills are throwing or catching a ball; this develops hand eye co-ordination, riding a bike; this helps to develop balance skills, and hopscotch; this helps to develop jumping and counting skills. Fine-motor skills involve dexterity and fine control of muscle movements such as, writing, drawing, using a knife and fork and doing up clothing. Fine-motor skills require a child to use precise and well-controlled movements; there are many activities that can be used to develop these skills such as a dressing up box. There is a wide range of multi-sensory toys to develop a baby’s fine-motor skills from around 9months. Toys that can be squeezed to make a noise, or finger foods are ideal for a baby’s hand eye co-ordination. At about 12months, a baby will love to drop objects such as toys. An excellent toy to have is a shape sorter; babies love the bright colours and will love the sound of the shapes dropping into the sorter. Fine-motor skills are used as the baby picked up each shape, determines where it goes and turning it until it drops into the sorter. For toddlers up to about 24months, the range of fine-motor skill activities changes. A brilliant addition to the home or setting is a dressing up box. Toddlers enjoy dressing and undressing; and a dressing up box helps to encourage fine-motor skills with the various fastenings that the toddler may encounter on the clothing such as zips and buttons, it also encourages creativity. Painting, drawing and colouring are also excellent ways to develop toddler’s fine-motor skills. Multi-sensory baby books are a great aid for developing a baby intellectually. There are lots of picture books in the market that have mirrors, crinkly fabric etc. that babies love to touch when being read stories. Music, singing and colourful, noisy toys all provide brilliant stimulation for a baby’s intellectual development. For toddlers there is a wide range of activities that can be used to stimulate intellectual development. Card games such as pairs are very popular, as are board games such as connect four and dominoes. These are excellent for developing numeracy skills. Toddlers have very inquisitive minds and there are intellectual learning opportunities around every corner during the day-to-day activities that can be promoted by questioning, such as â€Å"what do you think we do next†. Role-play is an excellent way to develop social skills in a safe environment, children can explore different roles in different settings; for example, a post office could be set up where children have to interact with each other as customer and staff. Again here, this task is very closely matched to the study guide. Please amend this task and ensure that you are writing in your own words. Task three- Draft food health and safety policy All employees, paid or voluntary, who handle food, have a responsibility to: Maintain a high standard of personal hygiene Refrain from handling food when they or anyone at home are suffering from an infectious disease such as; diarrhoea, throat infection or rashes Adhere to the settings health and safety policy Report any shortcomings to the appropriate person, e.g. Faulty or damaged storage, preparation and service equipment Principles of handling food: All foods must be checked to ensure they are of the quality, substance and temperature required and that they are within there use-by dates All foods must be stored under conditions that will prevent their deterioration, instructions on the label, if present, must be followed Keep it clean-keep it cool- keep it covered: Food and food only, must be stored in areas designated specifically for that purpose (refrigerators, cupboards etc.) Saucepan handles should not overhang the stove or worktop edges Any food or liquid spillage must be cleaned up immediately When cooking food, recipes or packet instructions must be followed Food not eaten at the meal it was prepared/given must not be kept or offered at a later time Signs of any type of pest infection must be reported immediately Principle of safely using equipment in food areas: All electrical equipment must be switched off and the plug removed from the power source when it is being cleaned or not in use Refrigerators, freezers and other types of temperature control equipment must be routinely checked to ensure there effectiveness All equipment must be according to manufacturer’s instructions Doors and lids of equipment in use should fit securely Hob burners, grills, ovens etc. must always be turned off when not in use All cooking equipment should be checked when in use to ensure that it is functioning correctly. Any slight electrical shock received from the equipment must be reported immediately All equipment and working surfaces must be kept in a clean and hygienic condition Cleaning chemicals should be used at the prescribed dilution rate Task four- Travel plan Amount of children attending: 3 Destination: 100acre woods Date of trip: 3rd September 2014 Time of departure: 09.15am Time of return: 12.15pm Permission slips received: 3 Travelling via car Ensure full tank of petrol Ensure car is correctly insured Ensure child locks are enabled Ensure breakdown cover Ensure permission slips and informed of any child likely to attempt to take off their seatbelt Ensure all children have suitable clothing e.g. rain coat Ensure there is a first aid kit in car and any medication that may be needed Joshua’s inhaler Ensure there are snacks and plenty to drink Ensure risk assessment has been carried out before organising the trip -low risk

Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Pain

Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Pain Musculo-skeletal pain is a complex sensation where sensory, affective and cognitive dimensions of pain alongwith parallel neural networks in brain are associated with constellation of factors. Though pain occurs to show protective gesture, but when it surpasses threshold, exerts debilitating effect upon health and triggers concomitant physiological and psychological concerns of perilous ramifications. Right from the activation of primary afferent nociceptors upto the cortical processing of the pain in the higher regions of the brain, pain trajectory can be dissected into transduction, conduction, synaptic transmission and modulation. Besides, environmental, behavioral and psychological risks involved, all these stages of pain sensitivity, severity and analgesic responses are mediated by different set of genes and genetic variants. Transduction of noxious stimuli is regulated by transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M, member 8 (TRPM8) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) encoded by TRPM8 and TRPA1 genes, which plays an important role in the inhibition of background potassium channels. SCN10A encoded, voltage gated sodium channel Nav1.8 is essential for signal generation in response to cold stimuli. The nociception, due to heat stimulus and red hot chili pepper activates the ion channel TRPV1 and capsaicin receptors. However, TRPV1 also regulates the inflammatory pain thresholds, TRPV4, in conjunction with TRPV1 and TRPV2, transduces both thermo and mechano-sensations. The pain related transgenic knockout studies offered significant information on the genes that influence pain transduction. (Lacroix-Fralish ML. etal, 2007). Three genes SCN9A, SCN10A and SCN11A which encode sodium channels are observed to be expressed in sensing neurons. . SCN9A carriers, who have defective Nav1.7 remains pain free, which makes it a novel target for sodium selective analgesic drugs. SCN10A (Nav1.8) is also a significant contributors to the transduction signaling of pain pathway. Though, encoded channel Nav1.8 does not induces action potential but plays a significant role in setting the pain thresholds. SCN11A gets activated, close to the resting membrane potential and mutations in this gene have been associated to the loss of pain perception. Voltage gated sodium channel nociceptors specific genes SCN1A, SCN3A, SCN8A, SCN9A, SCN10A, SCN11A along with potassium channel encoding KCNQ genes play a significant role in nociceptive conduction. Synaptic transmission is regulated by several genes such as GR1N1, GR1N2, GR1A1-4, GR1C1-5, NK1R. Some voltage gated calcium channels encoding genes, such as CACNA1A-S, CACNA2D1 mediates the neurotransmitter release in the pre-synaptic membrane.Several genes and genetic variants have also been implicated in the centr al, peripheral and microglial pain modulation. (Foulks and Wood. 2008). How damage sensing neurons submit input signals regarding the extent and severity of pain to central nervous sytem (CNS) is highly complex. Very many brain areas are involved in sensory discrimination and affective evaluation which determine the nature of pain perception. Genetic variation of COMT gene that encodes catechol-o-methyltransferase regulates the inactivation of catecholamines neurotransmitters and reduced COMT enzymatic activity which leads to increased pain sensitivity and temporal summation of pain (diatchenko L et al. 2005) Decreased adrenalin metabolism due to reduced COMT activity increases pain through the stimulation of ÃŽ ²2/ 3-adrenergic receptor antagonist. A few genome wide association studies (GWAS) on musculo-skeletal phenotypes have been carried out which revealed some strongly associated SNPs within CCT5 and FAM173B genes that influence chronic widespread pain in lumbar spine region. Over the past decade, an intriguing development in cellular genomics has aroused curiosity of the possibility of miRNA in pain research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are family of small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in sequence specific manner. Their non-perfect pairing of 6-8 nucleotides with target mRNA subsequently forming miRNA Induced Silencing Complex (miRISC) generally results in translational repression, destabilization of mRNAs and gene silencing. Some miRNAs have been implicated in pain mechanism including neuronal plasticity, neurogenesis, nociceptor excitability, chronic pain conditions and pain threshold. They engrossed the attention when observed that these miRNAs play an evident role in the conditional deletion in nociceptors of th e miRNA producing enzyme, Dicer and blocks inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. The pioneer studies on the role and relevance of miRNAs in pain demonstrated that miR-134 is modulated in the trigeminal ganglion in response to inflammatory pain. BDNF triggered miR-132 is upregulatedin cortical neurons which is identified as modulation of nociception signaling. miRNA Let-7 that target  µ-opiod receptors plays considerable influence on the opioid tolerance in mice. Activity regulated miR-188 is a significant player of synaptic plasticity tuning. Dysregulation of miR-29a/b is associated with structural plasticity in psycho-stimulant exposure. In the traumatized spinal injury miR-219 is downregulated 7 days after contusion whereby sciatic nerve ligation induces an up-regulation of this miRNA. In chronic pain miR-124 down regulates in dorsal root ganglion neurons in inflammatory muscle as well as in sciatic nerve crush. Researchers are instrumental in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in relation to pain causation and alleviation. Epigenetic modifications play significant role in cytokine metabolism, neurotransmitter release and response, analgesic sensitivity and central sensitization. Changes in chromatin structure may lead to acute to chronic pin transition. Prior priming (sensitization) of spinal microglia with initial inflammatory challenge, subsequent challenges create enhanced pain intensity and duration. Effects of neonatal pain experience relates to adult pain sensitivity where they exhibit spinal neuronal circuits with increased input and segmental changes in nociceptive primary afferent axons and enhanced or altered pain stimulation. Histone modifications, a significant epigenetic mechanism which may alter the gene expression of pain is highly associated with glutamate decarboxylase (Gad2), Shal related subfamily member 3 (Kcnd3), melting CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2), potassium vol tage gated channels, oprin 1, Scn9a Genes. Histone acetylation and DNA methylation have also been implicated in chronic pain conditions. Though an epigenetic alteration in relation to the risk of pain is in infancy but in near future, such knowledgeable musings will unravel several novel targets for analgesic drugs and preventive modalities. Brain does more than understanding and responding to pain irrespective of sensory inputs and even in the absence of external inputs. Why even cordectomy or anesthetic blocks of sympathetic ganglia do not stop phantom limb pain? Pain genetics have the capacity to enrich us of several such intricate and unforeseen consequences involved with pain etiology, risk factors and variable analgesia. In future, investigation of relevant genomic sequences has many revelations in store for us, by which we will be able to regulate or control pain by switching on or off various genes that causes it.

Birth of the Calle Ocho Festival :: Little Havana Miami Latin Culture

The Birth of the Calle Ocho Festival In the heart of Miami, Florida, the Calle Ocho Festival is an event open to people of all ethnic backgrounds and age groups. This event dates back to the late seventies. The festival originated in 1977. It was organized by two men, Leslie Pantà ­n Jr. and Willy Bermello, who wanted to start a project with the Miami Herald to bring the community closer together. They decided on a festival while scribbling on the back of a place mat at lunch one day at the Red Coach Inn during the summer of 1977. Pantà ­n and Bermello's goal was to have a street party that would display the Latin-American lifestyle in the city of Miami for non-Spanish speakers. Today, this festival has grown into the largest Hispanic festival held in the United States. Hundreds of thousands of people attend the event for the dancing, eating, and getting to know everyone and everything that is part of Little Havana. The Calle Ocho festival was originally named the Open House Eight, because the two organizers wanted the festival to be an open welcome to southwest Eighth Street. With no credit, Pantà ­n and Bermello ran into a slight problem with their idea. They needed money to start up their plan for the festival. Relying solely on the aid of friends for finance, they managed to raise $37,000 to put on a fifteen block street party. However, Pantà ­n and Bermello still needed coverage for the new festival. Thanks to knocking on many doors, making presentations to advertisers, and receiving television coverage, they received all the publicity they needed. People from all over South Florida came to attend the Calle Ocho festival. The first festival, held in 1978, was a major success. Music, food, dancing, and smiling faces are some of the many attractions you may find at this festival. Performers such as Willy Chirino, Oscar de Leon, El Gran Combo, Celia Cruz, The Barrio Boys, and Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine, among others, have performed during the past twenty years. Salsa, merengue, cumbia, and guaguancà ³ dancers fill the streets of Little Havana every year.

overpopulation a problem? Essay -- essays research papers

Is Overpopulation a Serious Problem?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This question seems to be question that is asked quite frequently lately. In the last two centuries, population has skyrocketed. In 1800 the world population was only at 1 billion, and today it’s estimated that the world population exceeds six billion people. With overpopulation, many problems have arisen. Some believe that overpopulation is the reason for world hunger, global population will reach crisis proportions by 2050, and some believe that overpopulation will bring the extinction of the human race. When one looks at the arguments that these people present, its quite overwhelming the amount of evidence that’s supports their argument. On the other side, the evidence for the opposing arguments is quite staggering as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this paper I will give a brief description on two opposing arguments dealing with the issues of overpopulation and the effects that it may, or may not have on the present as well as the future. The two articles that I have chosen to analyze are â€Å"Overpopulation Is a Serious Problem† written by Thomas Robert Malthus, and â€Å"Overpopulation Is a Myth† by Frederick Engels. The titles of the articles are pretty self explanatory on the side that they take on this issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, Thomas Malthus wrote one of the most famous works on population, An Essay on the Principle of Population. He is a man who sticks to his values, and does what he preaches. He wants nothing more than to see the betterment of man, but he feels that it’s a long road with unconquerable difficulties to achieve this. Malthus states that this overpopulation is a huge problem that most people seem to â€Å"purposely shut their eyes to such problems†. A good metaphor that he uses about this is that if he were to offer a man a glass of wine repeatedly, and that man were to take no notice to it what-so-ever, he would think that man to be blind, or uncivilized. In his article, Overpopulation Is a Serious Problem, he states the many things that cause overpopulation. He states two postulates in his article about mankind. The first is that food is necessary for man. Without food man could not exist. Second he states that attraction and the passion bet ween the genders is a must, and will continue and will quite closely remain in its present state.  ... ...it absurd that the Malthusian theory states that we should let those in poverty die out, to balance out the population. Engels states that under the Malthusian theory that the poor consist to the surplus of the population should simply be left to die off, and that nothing should be done to them and that their lives cannot get it altered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Engels has a great hatred for the Malthusian theory. â€Å"And it is precisely this theory which is the conerstone of the liberal system of free trade, whose fall will bringteh whole edifice down with it.†* He states that competition is the cause of misery, poverty and crime. He goes further to explain that Malthus had taken a one sided view. He did not pay attention to the fact that surplus population is always bound with surplus wealth, surplus landed property, and surplus capital. â€Å"Population is too great only when productive power in general is too great.†* This is proven in every overpopulated country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From what I have learned trough class and life I firmly believe in what Thomas Malthus point of view. I believe that overpopulation is a huge problem that we need to take a closer look at.

Essay on the Animal

Animal Farm Essay Prompts Respond to ONE of the following prompts in a five-paragraph essay. Your body paragraphs must follow the shaping sheet. 1. Read the passage from Chapter VII that begins with â€Å"’Comrades! ’† cried Squealer,’† and ends â€Å"’Snowball’s secret agents are lurking among us at this moment! ’† Then, in a well-developed and organized essay, analyze how Squealer uses various persuasive techniques to manipulate the animals. 2. Read the passage from Chapter IV that begins at the beginning of the chapter and ends with â€Å"hearing in it a prophecy of their future doom. Then, in a well-developed and organized essay, discuss how the author uses various stylistic devices and selection of detail to comment on both historical events and human nature. 3. Analyze how Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin and the working class are satirized through the characters in Animal Farm. 4. Describe how the abuse of power causes three negative effects upon the animals of Animal Farm. 5. Choose three events from the novel and argue that they are representative of events occurring in Russia during its revolution and the reign of Joseph Stalin.Consider the following. †¢ The Rebellion/the Russian Revolution †¢ The failure of the windmill/Stalin’s Five Year Plans †¢ Executions of pigs and chickens/Stalin’s Great Purge †¢ The Battle of the Windmill/Germany’s invasion of Russia †¢ Napoleon’s use of dogs/Stalin’s use of the secret police †¢ Cruel winters on the farm/Soviet famine of the 1920’s ***** You need to use your novel AND one historical source for numbers 3 & 5***** Animal Farm Essay PromptsRespond to ONE of the following prompts in a five-paragraph essay. Your body paragraphs must follow the shaping sheet. 6. Read the passage from Chapter VII that begins with â€Å"’Comrades! ’,† cried Squealer,’† and ends â€Å"‘Snowball’s secret agents are lurking among us at this moment! ’† Then, in a well-developed and organized essay, analyze how Squealer uses various persuasive techniques to manipulate the animals. 7. Read the passage from Chapter IV that begins at the beginning of the chapter and ends with â€Å"hearing in it a prophecy of their future doom. Then, in a well-developed and organized essay, discuss how the author uses various stylistic devices and selection of detail to comment on both historical events and human nature. 8. Analyze how Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin and the working class are satirized through the characters in Animal Farm. 9. Describe how the abuse of power causes three negative effects upon the animals of Animal Farm. 10. Choose three events from the novel and argue that they are representative of events occurring in Russia during its revolution and the reign of Joseph Stalin.Consider the following. †¢ The Rebellion/the Russian Revolution †¢ The failure of the windmill/Stalin’s Five Year Plans †¢ Executions of pigs and chickens/Stalin’s Great Purge †¢ The Battle of the Windmill/Germany’s invasion of Russia †¢ Napoleon’s use of dogs/Stalin’s use of the secret police †¢ Cruel winters on the farm/Soviet famine of the 1920’s ***** You need to use your novel AND one historical source for numbers 3 & 5*****

Geographical Layout of an Area on Its Politics Essay

What is the effect of the geographical layout of an area on its politics, society, and economy? Physical characteristics of a specific area can have a substantial impact on its history. Regardless of how close one area is to another the outcome of the civilization could be completely different because of how the people have had to adapt to live in their respective areas. This issue would explain how intertwined history is with geography. Europe’s geography provided many disadvantages and advantages which have been the factors for its many successes and failures. Since the majority of Europe is surrounded by water it was a peninsula. This made it so they could trade with ease. The many rivers and mountain ranges of Europe most certainly aided in protecting certain civilizations from invasion or being involved in wars. The wildly vast and diverse geographic features in Europe set the tone for trading routes to prosper, long-lasting cultures to develop, and battles to occur that would change the identity of the region indefinitely. A region’s geographic shape is instrumental in determining what a region will become. Due to Europe’s geographical shape it became a hotspot for any and all trade. With natural resources plentiful Europe was constantly bustling with business. The Iberian Peninsula gave Spain and Portugal easy access to trade with foreign countries. The Balkan Peninsula gave many countries along the Aegean Sea the effortless option to trade. The many Peninsulas provided great advantages for Europeans due to the plentiful food the oceans supplied. These advantages molded many European civilizations into what they are today whether they isolate themselves from others or interact. The specific geographical features within a region provided protection, but also could have provided isolation. The many rivers and mountain ranges of Europe provided many people with fertile soil and a feeling of safety. However, the mountain ranges could stop trade between countries and slow the advancement of technology and knowledge between these regions. The rivers on the other hand would encourage trade and it would flourish. The physical characteristics of a region affect the decisions people greatly. Europe has a wide variety of terrains. Some help the people who live there, while others force people to adapt. These features influenced the development of many areas. For example the Alps acted as a barrier throughout the Punic Wars. It was perhaps the Roman Empire’s greatest asset. Several times Hannibal was forced to attack by sea instead of being able to invade from the North. This is not the only time in history was affected by geographical features. Climate overcame Hitler’s forces in the Invasion of Russia. The cold winter air killed off many of Hitler’s forces. That event alone could have changed the entire turnout of WWII. Europe’s features both hindered and kindled its growth as a world power. People’s choices have always been affected by their surroundings. The geographic features found in Europe were a commodity and the reason Europe succeeded the way it did for so long. Europe is filled with a wide variety of natural resources and geographical features. Sometimes their surroundings were beneficial and other times it was detrimental. Geography affected the choices of everyone. These features are what caused certain trade routes to emerge, cultures to find their identities, and wars to take place where they did.