Curriculum Goals, Objectives, and Products Essay

Curriculum Goals, Objectives, and Products - Essay Example Curriculum goal is defined as an end or purpose that is stated through general terms where the achievement criterion is not used. When curriculum goals are used in a given system or school, they become the aims of education. On the other hand, curriculum objective illustrate an end or purpose that is stated in measurable and specific terms. Thus, curriculum goals are used to derive the curriculum objectives. The locus of curriculum objectives and goals is that they are written at school-district, state and individual level with expectations that jurisdiction has to be adhered to in a respective level. Nevertheless, any curriculum objective and goal, which is developed in a given level has to cut across several disciplines. The development of the curriculum goals and objectives has to focus on states of today with a bias on departmental development while reflecting on change in modern society. Educational aims and developers’ philosophy are used to establish curriculum goals an d objectives in individual, district and state based schools. Thus, the entire process and product of curriculum materials establishment is

Bowen (Bohannan) and Davis’ notable work “Return to Laughter” Essay Example for Free

Bowen (Bohannan) and Davis’ notable work â€Å"Return to Laughter† Essay Bowen (Bohannan) and Davis’ notable works â€Å"Return to Laughter† and â€Å"The Serpent and the Rainbow† respectively, serves as reliable references mainly for the field of anthropology. In both books, the authors dealt with exploring the practice of witchcraft from separate parts of the world Bowen’s semi-fictional novel covered Nigerian witchery, alongside personal-based experiences; while Davis’ was of entirely non-fiction, focusing on â€Å"the secret societies of Haitian voodoo, zombies, and magic†. Witchcraft, by definition, is the alleged use of magic or supernatural powers. Throughout history, common people often women and children are accused and condemned for using spells, acquiring human body parts, and the like, with no concrete proof. With even the slightest suspicion, a person will immediately be disowned, otherwise executed, by their community, and even by their own family. People regard it as evil it’s a ‘condemning quality’ for their society. Oftentimes, witch accusations rise from (simple) social tensions or unexplained misfortunes. Though witch trials and executions have already been illegalized in the contemporary world, Wiccan activities continue to be greatly frowned upon one cannot simply eliminate it off certain cultures; in a way, it’s already embedded in their system. This is as evident in Bowen’s â€Å"Return to Laughter†, a detailed account of her experience living with a Nigerian primitive bush tribe it revealed how she struggled to learn and understand local culture and beliefs, whilst handling the conflicts it caused with her own; how she made it through being ostracized by the locals because of being involved with a supposed witch; and how her decision changed the course of her study greatly. She wasn’t only there, she was out there she witnessed firsthand society’s conviction over such practice and realized how much of a big deal it was in their area. As for Davis’ case, his study highlighted especially on the Haitian process of zombification the psychiatric condition in which the victims believe that their awareness is retained in a bottle or jar while their bodies are enslaved by the bokor, the voodoo sorcerer who summoned them. This was seen as a form of witchcraft despite the obvious physiological causes (though there are still some specifics left unclear). The bokor in Haitian Vodou, an indigenous religion, refers to a sorcerer or a houngan (priests) for hire, said to be able to practice both good and dark magic, though some sources plainly refer to them as the evil opposites of houngan. Due to these claims, they, too, are outlawed by their community. In studying social relationships in their corresponding communities, both authors’ used witchcraft as their basis perhaps because of the fact that witchery is (nearly) the center of the communities’ belief systems; they might’ve tried to understand the nature of that particular society through how they react towards the people they’ve categorized as witches. They try to see how society accepts those ‘in’ or how those ‘out’ are reprimanded alleged witches being of the ‘out’ crowd. Despite both areas’ same claims of involvement in the practice of witchcraft, there are still differences to be noted. For one, there’s no concrete proof for the existence of witches or their said ‘witchcraft’ the locals’ only bases are another’s unusual habits and such; then, they also say that witches can perform ‘magic’ even without solid provisions they can cause misfortune to befall upon their enemy without physically doing anything; and they can cause famine, rain, landslides, etc. whenever. Besides these, they also say that power of witchcraft can be passed on to whomever. For the bokor, on the other hand, their black magic is almost limited to the creation of zombies and ‘ousngans’, talismans that house spirits; and their rank isn’t simply passed on to anyone but only to those believed to posses great power at birth. The said creation of zombies is actually plausible: Haitian zombies aren’t literal dead-people-come-to-life. In fact, they’ve never been dead in the first place they’ve been drugged, putting them in a state of deep coma thus, giving the impression of being ‘dead’; later, they’re induced with an indefinite set of chemicals and awakened in a state of emotional and mental detachment now giving the impression of being ‘reanimated’. So unlike witches, the bokor’s existence can actually be detected. Furthermore, witches are common people while the bokor are highly ranked in their society. Still, there are specific similarities apparent too: both witch and bokor deal with spirits and magic and are said to be able to perform both good and evil magic; also, they perform sacred rituals and carry talismans and so on. â€Å"Religious† wouldn’t exactly be the term I would use to describe how I see the Nigerian and Haitian belief system based on the gathered information above; I wouldn’t say that it’s all â€Å"superstitious† either but I’d rather go with this point. From where I stand, these people see witchery as a product of the devil, which I believe, still counts in religious beliefs; however, their way of finding fault in a person is but irrational, it’s already of the ‘superstitious’ kind the peculiar habits or the unusual appearance of a person doesn’t make a person any less human! Besides, the witch and bokor are conflicted between good and evil, and their purpose in the great cosmos isn’t clear too; therefore, their divine involvement is, overall, uncertain and that’s going against the definition of ‘religious’. Witchcraft, magic, zombies, talismans†¦these terms are already passe and ridiculed in the 21st century setting but they continue to survive amongst today’s trends. Not to mention that they still maintain a long line of followers. Nonetheless, in spite of its relative share of adverse effects today, it is still living proof of our ancestors’ exertions in reaching the extent of their imagination to satisfy their curiosity and that’s certainly something! Bibliography Agar, M. (1996). The Professional Stranger: An Informal Introduction to Ethnography. New York: Academic Press. Bowen, E. S. (1964). Return to Laughter: an Anthropological Novel . New York: Anchor Books. Craven, W. (Director). (1988). The Serpent and the Rainbow [Motion Picture].

Abbey Road Essays -- essays research papers

â€Å"Abbey Road† By The Beatles Abbey Road is heralded as one of the greatest rock ‘n roll albums ever. It grinds with hard rock and sways with soft guitar. The variety of the tracks provides something for everyone. It was created in 1969 at the famous Abbey Road studios. George Martin and Geoff Emerick, who had produced many other Beatles’ albums, contributed to this work. This album is one of the more famous albums of the Beatles, who are one of the most popular bands ever. Almost every piece of this album, even the cover, is art works in themselves. The album begins with the hard-rocker â€Å"Come Together†. The song is a perfect example of John Lennon’s rock influence in the Beatles. â€Å"Come Together† is a song that’s popularity has been revived due to its appearances in many commercials. Its trademark chorus, â€Å"Come together right now over me†, is known just about everywhere. Ringo’s heavy drums and John’s deep poetic lyrics drive the song, while Paul’s voice and George’s sharp guitar contribute to the body of this song. John Lennon was well known for his creative lyrics. His mind provided lyrics for such insightful songs such as â€Å"Across the Universe† and â€Å"A Day in the Life†. The third track is â€Å"Maxwell’s Silver Hammer†. This song is a humorous tune about a boy who enjoys attacking people with a silver hammer. It is a playful piano jingle that reflects on Paul’s influence on the album. Paul McCartney’s songs usually presented the lighter, more friendly side of the Beatles. Pau...

Defending the Meat and Poultry Industry

In the article â€Å"They Die Piece by Piece† Joby Warrick of the Washington Post tells a dramatic story of how animals are slaughtered and strongly advocates for further regulations on the meat and poultry industry in order to better protect animal rights. Thesis: While it may seem like the moral high road to support animal rights regulations, upon evaluating the effects of the proposed solution on our economy it will prove that the status quo remains the most viable option. In order to further understand this situation it is important to evaluate the impact the meat and poultry industry has on the United States economy, the effects of imposing further regulations upon it and the counter arguments to the issues presented by the animal rights movement. Body 1: impact the meat and poultry industry has on our economy Since the end of the second world war the United States has been the world's predominate super power with the efficiency of meat and poultry industries begin a driving factor in maintaining this status. As the world's super power the citizens of the United States have enjoyed an unprecedented amount of opportunities which are often over looked and taken for granted. The United States has an annual gross domestic product of over $15 trillion, the largest in the world and approximately 25% of the global economy (International Monetary Fund). As result of this the possibilities for entrepreneurs and changes in social-economic class are larger then anywhere else in the world. In order to achieve and maintain this level of dominance it is essential for the United States to continue and support its thriving industries. Currently the meat industry in the United States employes 6. 2 million people, totally $200 billion in wages and generates over $83 billion in federal and states tax revenue annually. Additionally, the economic impact of the meat and poultry industry equates to $864 billion annually, approximately 6% of United States' entire GDP (The American Meat Institute). To put this into perspective, Exxon Mobil, the largest company in the world produces $482 billion annually, only about half of the impact of the meat and poultry industry (Forbes). Were we to more tightly regulate the meat and poultry industries it would have a dramatically adverse effect on the United States economy and transitively on every American. Body 2: the effects of imposing further regulations upon it Were further regulations to be imposed on the meat and poultry companies, these added measures will increase overhead costs and these companies will be forced to lay off employees and increase the prices in order to maintain their currently level of profitability. This will adversely effect the economy and well being of America in two ways. First the newly unemployed people will no longer contribute income taxes which work to fund schools, hospitals, police and fire departments, along with ever other public service. Additionally these unemployed people will receive unemployment benefits and welfare which will further drain tax dollars away from essential programs. The second adverse effect will be the rise in food prices. Currently people in America spend less money on food then any other country in the world (Economist. com). As a result people in America have more disposable income to spend on unessential items and help the economy maintain its level of superiority. Rising food costs will effect every single persons level of disposable income and will effectively depress spending on every single other industry. In turn reduced consumer spending will force more layoffs and downsizing of companies and further perpetuate this cycle. As our government continues to collect taxes in a deficit compared to spending they will be forced to cut funding to social programs such as schools and hospitals and the general welfare of people will be effected. A perfect example of this concept is the 2013 Sequester following the failed fiscal cliff negotiations in which the federal government cut $83 billion in funding to national security and domestic programs including â€Å"health, education, drug enforcement, national parks, Hurricane Sandy relief and other programs† (Green). After reviewing the consequences of these proposed regulations it is apparent that well being of humans in America is far more important then the humane treatment of meat and poultry. It is also important to evaluate who will benefit most from these proposed regulations. If American meat and poultry companies are forced to raise there prices due to an escalated cost of production it will create an opportunity for foreign companies to penetrate into the US market. Meaning if regulations were imposed, consumers would switch to purchasing foreign meat and poultry. These foreign companies will be impossible to regulate and the goal of the proposed regulation will not be achieved. Additionally, US companies may move their operations outside of the country which will result in a massive rise in unemployment and loss in tax revenue. Body 3: counter arguments to the issues presented by the animal rights movement. Now lets evaluate the counter arguments to the issues presented by the animal rights movement. The first issues is that animals suffer during the slaughter house process. Human are carnivores and kill animals and eat them, which will obviously require some suffering on the animals behalf. Additionally, regardless of how nice the animals are or how nicely they are treated ultimately all of them are killed. It would be a waste of resources to invest in a product that is facing guaranteed destruction. It would not make sense to give a car a brand new paint job before crushing it at a recycling plant. It may seem unsettling to think about the slaughter house process but understand that life is not all sunshine and rainbows. Many industries practices far more shocking business practices and receive drastically less media attention. For example Foxcon the Chinese company that Manufacturers Apple products such as the iPhone and iPad, has been forced to install safety nets because workers are committing suicide as a result of overbearing work conditions (Moore). Realize these are real people dying and not livestock, yet activist seem to care far less as they write tweets from their apple iPhones. While this information is unsettling it is important to understand these are the measures necessary to maintain the lifestyle that Americans are accustom to. The United States has achieved its super power status by embarking on these efficient processes and without it we would be unable to enjoy the luxuries this country has available. The second issue proposed by animal rights activist is that meat and poultry plants are unsafe for workers. In Joby Warrick's article he says, â€Å"Improperly stunned animals contribute to worker injuries in an industry that already has the nation's highest rate of job-related injuries and llnesses† (Warrick 323). While worker safety is a very important issue, it is in the meat and poultry companies best interest to work to improve the safety of their employees. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that â€Å"Over the last 20 years, injury/illness rates in the U. S. meat industry have improved by nearly 80 percent, as efforts t o enhance workplace safety have taken effect† (Bureau of Labor Statistics). While it is impossible to prevent all work place injuries, a reduction of 80% is a very impressive figure and shows that these companies are actively working to improve safety conditions. Additionally, a portion of the responsibility falls onto the employees who are aware of the dangers of working in a slaughter house presents. For the last 60 years the United States has been the world's predominate super power. We have achieved this level of success by supporting our thriving industries and creating the world's largest and most powerful economy. While the humane treatment of animals appears to be a strong ethical issues upon evaluating the side effects on our economy and the well being of our citizens it is apparent that further regulations should be avoided.

Dairy Milk Chocolate

delightful combination of milk chocolate and white chocolate. Giving consumers anexciting reason to keep coming back into the fun filled world of Cadbury. Our Journey: Cadbury Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the chocolate category for years. Andhas participated and been a part of every Indian's moments of happiness, joy andcelebration. Today, Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indianchocolate market. In the early 90's, chocolates were seen as ‘meant for kids', usually a reward or a bribe for  children.In the Mid 90's the category was re-defined by the very popular `Real Taste of  Life' campaign, shifting the focus from `just for kids' to the `kid in all of us'. It appealedto the child in every adult. And Cadbury Dairy Milk became the perfect expression of  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœspontaneity' and ‘shared good feelings'. The ‘Real Taste of Life' campaign had many memorable executions, which people stillfondly remember. However, the one with the †Å"girl dancing on the cricket field† hasremained etched in everyone's memory, as the most spontaneous ; un-inhibitedexpression of happiness.This campaign went on to be awarded ‘The Campaign of the Century', in India at theAbby (Ad Club, Mumbai) awards. In the late 90's, to further expand the category, the focus shifted towards wideningchocolate consumption amongst the masses, through the ‘Khanewalon Ko Khane Ka37 Bahana Chahiye' campaign. This campaign built social acceptance for chocolateconsumption amongst adults, by showcasing collective and shared moments. More recently, the ‘Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye' campaign associated Cadbury Dairy Milk  with celebratory occasions and the phrase â€Å"Pappu Pass Ho Gaya† became part of streetlanguage.It has been adopted by consumers and today is used extensively to express joyin a moment of achievement / success. The interactive campaign for â€Å"Pappu Pass Ho Gaya† bagged a Bronze Lion at the  prestigio us Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for ‘Best use of internet and new media'. The idea involved a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service and allowed students tocheck their exam results using their mobile service and encouraged those who passedtheir examinations to celebrate with Cadbury Dairy Milk.The ‘Pappu Pass Ho Gaya' campaign also went on to win Silver for The Best IntegratedMarketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006(global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards. During the 1st World War, Cadbury Dairy Milk supported the war effort. Over 2,000male employees joined the armed forces and Cadbury sent books, warm clothes andchocolates to the front. 38 Cadbury's big Bytes Kuch meetha ho jaye uggests Cadbury India, its brand ambassador Amitabh Bachchansmiling down the hoardings lined along Mumbai's Marine Drive right down to thecompany's corporate head office at Mahalakshmi. While the chocolate major is waitingfor Di wali to see a turnaround in its business after the worm’s controversy, at the momentit's all about driving growth for the category, which has seen a decline since the firstquarter of this year. Being the market leader in chocolates with a 70 per cent share, the company hasattempted to stretch the boundaries within chocolate confectionery.It has also beenadventurous in unleashing a brand new category within chocolate early this year. Introducing the concept of sweet snacking, it launched Cadbury Bytes in the south withthe positioning `Snacking ka meetha funda. ‘ The product is a crunchy wafer pillow with achoco-cream centre and is being rolled out nationally. 39 Explaining the need to introduce this new category, Bharat Puri, Managing Director,Cadbury India, says, â€Å"While we were sure of our core competencies, there was need for  innovation to deliver double-digit growth.What we found was that we were under-represented in the area of snacking on the go and that th ere was a need for a light crunchysnack. † While entry into salted snacks was ruled out, sweet snacks were the obviouschoice, and Bytes is unique to the chocolate major's Indian portfolio. Getting the right product and packaging was a challenge for the company. It has sub-contracted the product to get the volumes and is poised for a national launch.Adds Puri,†After all this was the first category anywhere in the world that Cadbury was entering andwe did not have the expertise. So the best way was to test-market the product and todaywe find that it has already bagged five per cent of the chocolate market. â€Å"The company has no apprehensions of cannibalization of its chocolate brands. It believesthat while its chocolates are more of indulgence products, Bytes is about snacking whenone is hungry and can be treated as a snack in between meals.The aim of this project is to evaluate the marketing strategy of Cadbury's Dairy Milk. To do this, I will need to gather informati on about the product; I will ask a questionnaire which is a primary research method. Then I will also gain some secondary research, this will be achieved by searching the internet for information and from a product information letter from Cadbury. I will investigate all aspects of Dairy milk's marketing mix, these include: product, price, promotion and place.After I have investigated these aspects I will analyse and evaluate my results from the Primary research. History of Dairy Milk and Cadbury Cadbury's started as a one-man business, opened in 1824 by a Quaker, John Cadbury, in Bull Street Birmingham, was to be the foundation of Cadbury Limited, now one of the world's largest chocolate producers. By 1831 the business had changed from a grocery shop and John Cadbury had become a manufacturer of drinking chocolate and cocoa, the start of the Cadbury manufacturing business as it is known today.Dairy Milk is a brand of chocolate bar made by Cadbury's popular in the United Kingdom and around the world. It was introduced in 1905. There are a number of varieties including Fruit ; Nut and Whole Nut. And ‘Fruit' variety was available for a short time but was discontinued. In 2003 Cadbury's made Dairy Milk into superbrand, bringing a number of different products under the Dairy Milk branding. For example Wispa bars were phased out and replaced by â€Å"Dairy Milk with bubbles†. As of 2004, there are ten varieties of Dairy Milk produced in the UK

Harley Davidaon Marketing Plan Essays - Harley-Davidson, Free Essays

Harley Davidaon Marketing Plan Essays - Harley-Davidson, Free Essays Harley Davidaon Marketing Plan subject = Marketing/Business title = Harley Davidaon Marketing Plan HARLEY DAVIDSON MARKETING PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Harley-Davidson is the largest market share holder of motorcycles over 750cc in the United States. After the expansion of our production and distribution capacity, we will be in the position to meet the increasing demand for our motorcycles and other products. Growth potential appears very good especially in the overseas market. Gaining a larger market share in these area may require a further increase in production and distribution capacities. We must plan for expansion now and continue to grow as a company. COMPANY DESCRIPTION In Milwaukee, William Harley, 21, and Arthur Davidson, 20, began experiments on taking the work out of bicycling. They were soon joined by Arthurs brothers, Walter and William. Many changes were made to the engine design before its builders were satisfied. After the new looped from was finalized, they were ready to begin production. In 1903 they produced three motorcycles. Harley-Davidson erected its first building the current Juneau avenue site in 1906 and incorporated in 1907. In 1907 Harley-Davidson produced 150 motorcycles. SITUATION ANALYSIS The motorcycle market over 750cc has been increasing over the last five years. The Harley-Davidson 1996 model year production line, sold though a world wide network of more than 1,000 dealers, includes 20 cruiser, factory custom and touring motorcycles, as well as police motorcycles. Harley-Davidson benefits form having one of the worlds most recognized and respected brand names and our motorcycle model names are among the best known in the industry: The Competition and Market share This chart shows the competition and market share for 1995 in the United States: Current Market Situation Overall Net sales for 1995 of $1.4 billion were $191.6 million, or 16.5%, higher than net sales for 1994. Net income and earnings per share from continuing operations were $111.1 million and $1.48, for 1995 as compared with $96.2 million and $1.26, for 1994. Net income and earnings per share from discontinued operations were $1.4 million and $.02, for 1995 as compared with $8.0 million and $.11, for 1994, which included a $4.6 million, or $.06 per-share, one-time tax benefit related to the legal reorganization of Holiday Rambler. On January 22, 1996, the Company announced its strategic decision to discontinue the operations of the Transportation Vehicles segment in order to concentrate its financial and human resources on its core motorcycle business. The Company does not anticipate a loss on the discontinuance of the Transportation Vehicles segment. The results of the Transportation Vehicles segment have been reported separately as discontinued operations for each year presented. On November 14, 1995, the Company acquired substantially all of the common stock and common stock equivalents of Eaglemark Financial Services, Inc. that it did not already own. The purchase price was approximately $45 million, which was paid from internally generated funds and short-term borrowings. The Company has included the results of operations of the Financial Services segment ($3.6 million) in its statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 1995 as though it had been acquired at the beginning of the year and deducted the preacquisition earnings as part of non-operating expense. The Company increased its quarterly dividend in September from $.04 per share to $.05 per share which resulted in a total year pay out of $.18 per share. Units Shipped and Net Sales The Motorcycles and Related Products (Motorcycles) segment's net sales increased 16.5% over 1994 due primarily to a 9,293 unit (9.7%) increase in motorcycle shipments, as well as a 14.0% increase in its Parts and Accessories business. The increase in motorcycle shipments is the result of ongoing implementation of the Company's manufacturing strategy and efforts to satisfy demand. The manufacturing strategy is designed to increase capacity, adjust to changes in the market place and further improve product quality while reducing costs. Sales of Buell motorcycles (which are distributed through select Harley-Davidson dealers) increased to $14 million in 1995 as compared to $6 million in 1994. The Company began 1995 at a scheduled motorcycle production rate of 395 units per day. As the implementation of the manufacturing strategy continued, the rate increased to 470 units per day by the end of the year. The Company exceeded its production goal of 100,000 units in 1995 and anticipates 1996 production will reach at least 115,000 units. The Company is currently reviewing alternative sites for the construction of a new manufacturing facility to enable it to achieve its long-term goal of doubling motorcycle production by 2003. Year-end data indicates that the domestic (United States) motorcycle market continued to grow throughout 1995. Compared to 1994, industry registrations of domestic heavyweight (engine displacements in excess of 751cc) motorcycles

Sistine Chapel Essays

Sistine Chapel Essays Sistine Chapel Essay Sistine Chapel Essay The Frescos in the Sistine Chapel Michelangelo was an amazing painter and sculptor, who made an impact on the Renaissance Era. The Renaissance focused immense passion towards the arts, religion, and individual experience and development. The Renaissance Era came after the Middle Ages, which possessed a completely opposite lifestyle and different art techniques and characteristics. The Middle Ages was a dark, depressing time where art had very little importance outside the art in the church. As Italy evolved from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance, specific attention was placed on humanism, realism, a transformation in art, and a different focus on biblical aspects that would forever characterize this time period as seen in Michelangelo’s work, The Sistine Chapel. With Michelangelo living during the Renaissance, humanism and realism had an effect on how he painted, and what profession he chose. Michelangelo’s father, Ludovico Buonarrotiwith, was a Florentine official with strong connections to the Medici family. In his childhood, Michelangelo was constantly around the Medici household, and surrounded himself with humanists like Marsilio Ficino and Angelo Poliziano, which influenced his way of thinking. Humanism is a philosophy or practice that focuses on how great humans can be. Man should gain the most knowledge possible, and become the finest they can be physically and mentally. Humanism is all about studying, learning, thinking, and becoming better as a man. Clearly embracing the idea of humanism, Michelangelo painted every character as strong and flawless. Every human painted on the walls of the Sistine Chapel has chiseled muscles, with clear six-pack chests and abs. Michelangelo illustrates how humans are the best thing God has created, and portrays them as great. The human body is considered the â€Å"noblest living form† by humanist, and humans have full potential physically and mentally. Humanism creates a universal man who is intellectually and physically excellent and who is always honorable and virtuous. On the walls of the Sistine Chapel, the realism of humans is depicted with scenes full of human emotion and expression. Embracing the â€Å"Enlightenment† by exploring his world around him, Michelangelo moved away from a static, lifeless art style to one that highlighted human feelings and movement. Realism at this time led to the later Realism of the 19th century, where the greatness of the ordinary man became the focus of artwork. During the Renaissance, the idea of expression and emotion infiltrated the culture changing the people’s way of thinking and also the art. Michelangelo’s Sistine chapel illustrations relate to Biblical stories, and show more of a natural and authentic human perspective. The new style of art in Michelangelo’s life gave him the opportunity to paint the Sistine Chapel in a very natural and real way with all the focus on man. In the medieval times, art was abstract, dark, and heavy. Art was viewed with a completely different perspective. The medieval time was not focused on artwork, and members of the upper class were not willing to pay for artists to paint. Most artists worked for the church because the church was the only one who would pay. The church wanted art dealing with Christian aspects, so most art was religious. Medieval art typically didn’t use shading as a tool to enhance paintings. The art was normally not too colorful, and was often very dull. Unlike Michelangelo’s work on the Sistine Chapel, Medieval art was not focused on human qualities. During the Renaissance, many upper class citizens had a sudden interest for art, and many of them would hire artists to paint for them. With the new interest in art, new styles were formed, creating more unique styles and new ways of thinking. With the change to the Renaissance art style, Michelangelo’s showed the body in movement, and illustrated the nature of humans. Michelangelo used new techniques like perspective and more detail in humans to make his frescos more emotional to the viewer. He illustrated characters with little to no clothing, which was not a style in medieval art. His paintings on the walls are a great example of the Renaissance art, and show the evolution, and how far art came in such a quick time. The Sistine Chapel is home to one of the most famous pictorial artworks ever made. The walls are breathtaking, and create such an astounding Biblical presence. Pope Julius II called Michelangelo into Rome in hopes to paint the Sistine chapel. He was trying to rebuild after destruction in the city, and also worked on repairing St. Peter’s Basilica. Michelangelo was hesitant to accept the offer because he was more into sculptures, but he was left with no other choice but to accept. The walls in the Chapel hold 9 scenes from Genesis, the first book in the Bible. The frescos show God separating light and darkness, creating Adam and Eve, and more Biblical stories. Each human painted on the wall shows emotion and truly represents the stories properly. Michelangelo used new Renaissance tools and a new Renaissance way of hinking to paint a new style that has attracted people from all over the world. An average of 10,000 people travel to see the Sistine Chapel a day. Michelangelo spent years preparing for this task, and drew out each scene before it was painted. Each part of the Sistine Chapel is natural in reality, and shows more of a realistic side to Bible scenes and people than previous art. Michelangelo was considered to be the best High Renaissance artist, along with Leonardo Da Vinci. With the fame he had, many citizens would travel to see his work. With the immense amount of viewers each day, it allowed for more to see Christianity in a visual way, and helped convert countless people. People would have a strong connection to his art, and grow closer to God with seeing such beauty. Michelangelo’s work created a new way of viewing Christian art, and it allowed some to put more faith in God. Pope Julius II brought Michelangelo in to paint the Sistine Chapel in hopes that it would help restore Rome to its former glory. Michelangelo’s hard work paid off with its gigantic popularity when he first painted it, and that is still as strong today. Michelangelo is considered to be the â€Å"Renaissance Man,† and used his new styles and techniques to illustrate such beautiful scenes onto the walls and ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He used a very real and natural body to portray realism. He showed every character with clear and strong muscles with very little clothing to show how strong and valiant humans are. His style is very unique and different from artists who had come before him. Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel is still today a very beautiful and breath-taking scene that helped separate modern artwork from the medieval art.

The Best SAT Online Practice Tests and Questions

The Best SAT Online Practice Tests and Questions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Good preparation is key to feeling confident and scoring well on the SAT, and the good news is that you have access to tons of SAT study resources right on your laptop or smartphone!There are lots of online SAT practice tests and quizzes available, but it can be tough figuring out which are the best to use. Because of that, we’ve created a guide that compiles all the best online SAT practice materials, from official practice tests to targeted quizzes and websites designed to help you understand tricky concepts the SAT tests. And, best of all, all of these resources are free!After reading this guide, you’ll know which online SAT practice materials to use and the best way to use them to get a top score, so let’s get started! What to Look For in the Best Online SAT Practice Tests There are lots of online SAT practice tests out there, and some of them can be very helpful for your SAT preparation. What are the main benefits of SAT practice online? Convenient to use: You can study any time you have your laptop or phone nearby! Lots of resources available: The internetis endless. Easy access to lots of official resources: Multiple official practice tests (which we discussbelow) are availablefor free online. However, online SAT tests aren’t always a perfect study tool. Below are some of their major drawbacks. Quality can vary widely: Not every site is an amazing SAT resource. We discuss this throughout the guide so you know what to expect. Some materials are out-of-date:The SAT underwent significant revisions in 2016, and not all online practice resources have stayed current.(We make note of where this occurs in the resources we mention in this guide.) Don't provide a completely realistic test-taking experience:You’ll be taking the real SAT with paper and pencil, not on the computer, so there may be differences in how quickly you go through the questions. So, how can you be sure you’re using high-quality online SAT practice tests that will actually help you raise your score? We’ve compiled a list of the best online SAT resources in this guide, and at the end we explain how to get the most out of them. For now, here’s a list of the key factors the best online SAT practice tests have. High-quality practice questions: It's essential to have questions similar in content and wording to the real SAT so you know whatto prepare for. In-depth answer explanations: If you don't understand why you got a question wrong, it can be hard to learn from your mistakes. Similar format to the real SAT: This helps you be better prepared for the SAT come test day. Official Online SAT Practice Tests The bestSAT practice tests online are the official ones, since you can be sure they are an accurate representation of what the real SAT will be like. Up-to-Date SAT Practice Tests (out of 1600) There are currently seven official practice tests for the Redesigned SAT which, as of February 2016, is the current version of the SAT.These are the absolute best tests to use when studying for the SAT since they match the format and content of the exam. They also include good answer explanations to help you understand why you answered certain questions incorrectly. These should be your #1 resource to use when you need to take a full-length practice test. See the final section of this guide for tips on how to best use these tests. Practice Test 1: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 2: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 3: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 4: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 5: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 6: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Practice Test 7: Questions | Answers | Answer Explanations | Essay Older Practice Tests There are also older official SAT practice tests that you can use. These free online SAT practice tests have some differences in format and content compared to the current SAT, and since they are out-of-date in some areas, use these only if you know you’ll use all seven of the current official practice tests and still want more study materials. These tests follow the old 2400 format of the SAT, with separate reading, math, and writing sections. This test had its last administration in January 2016. It’s important to knowthe major changes between the Old and New SAT. Keep these points in mind: The structure and timing of these SAT online practice tests are different than the current SAT. The current SAT has only four sections and doesn't skip around subjects like the old SAT did. The Reading sections in the current and old SATS are quite similar, so in these old SAT tests, the passages and questions are all useful to practice on. Writing in the current version of the SAT tests similar grammar skills, but it's tested in a very different passage-based format. Use these old SAT tests to practice your SAT grammar rules. Math questions are similar in format, but the current SAT emphasizes algebra and de-emphasizes geometry. Use these old SAT tests as math practice, but focus on the skills that the current SAT tests (primarily algebra). Official SAT Practice Test 2013-14 Practice Test: College Board Answers: College Board Official SAT Practice Test 2012-2013 Practice Test: College Board Answers: College Board Official SAT Practice Test 2007-2008 Practice Test: College Board Answers: College Board Official SAT Practice Test 2005 Practice Test: College Board Answers: College Board Khan Academy In addition to full-length official practice tests, the College Board has also teamed up with Khan Academy to offer numerous official SAT practice questions and resources.Under its SAT Resources, Khan Academy offers practice quizzes, tests, individual questions, and videos that walk you step-by-step through how to answer different types of questions. You’ll need to set up a free account to access these resources, and your progress will be tracked over time. Khan Academy can be a great resource to use if you’re struggling with understanding how to answer certain SAT questions or want to strengthen some skill areas before you take full-length practice tests. Their videos break concepts down to help you understand exactly how to solve different types of questions you may not know how to answer.You can learn more about these resources by checking out our guide on how to get the most out of Khan Academy’s SAT resources. The Best Unofficial SAT Online Practice Tests Unofficial SAT online practice tests can be a bit riskier to use since there’s no guarantee of quality like there is with official practice tests. Because of this, and because so many people have tried their hand at making practice SAT questions to entice visitors to their web page, the quality of unofficial resources can vary widely, from near-official level of quality to barely related to the real SAT. To make things easier for you, we’ve sorted through the options and found the highest quality unofficial online SAT practice tests. Official materials should still be your main source of SAT practice, but these unofficial resources can be useful if you run out of official practice questions or if you want to focus on a specific topic and not go through an entire practice SAT. Ivy Global Ivy Global has a PDF of a complete practice SAT. It has the same format and question types as the current SAT, which makes it the best unofficial SAT practice onlinesince many otherpractice SATs aren’t as long and don't match the format of the current test. An answer key is also included, but there are no answer explanations. This is a good resource to use after you’ve already completed at least a few official practice tests and are looking for another full-length SAT to take. By then you’ll have a good idea of what high-quality practice tests look like, and you’ll have a better chance of understanding the mistakes you made without needing answer explanations. MajorTests.com This site has 24 Math practice tests, 24 Critical Reading practice tests, 11 Writing practice tests, and a list of the 1000 most important vocab words to know.The quizzes are pretty short (about ten questions) and organized into specific categories. There are also good answer explanations for the questions you answered incorrectly. However, it hasn't been updated to reflect the 2016 SAT revisions, and because the quizzes are so short, you won't practice learning how you handle a long test (like the SAT). Use this resource either when you don’t have enough time to take a full practice test or when you want to focus specifically on improving a certain skill, like problem-solving questions or reading comprehension. The short, targeted quizzes make it easier to focus on a specific topic. CrackedSAT.net This site includes numerous practice quizzes as well as free official practice tests of the old SAT that you can download as pdfs of both practice tests. The online quizzes (organized into categories to make finding the topic you want easier) are automatically graded. For the official practice test pdfs, answer keys are included, but there is no automatic grading, so you’ll need to grade these tests yourself. This is a decent resource if you’d like to take official SATs with pencil and paper (the way you will on test day) and if you’re looking for more short, targeted practice quizzes. Varsity Tutors This site has numerous SAT quizzes, organized into Math, Critical Reading, and Writing categories. However, Varsity Tutors isn’t as high-quality as the other resources listed because the practice questions sometimes aren’t that close to that you’ll see on the actual SATand because the site hasn't been updated to reflect the 2016 changes to the SAT. I’d recommend only using this as a study tool if you’ve already gone through all the above resources and still want some more practice. Other Online SAT Practice Resources The sites below focus more on teaching you the material you need to know for the SAT and how to understand different concepts tested by the exam instead of only including practice questions. These are good resources if you’re trying to strengthen your skill areas before diving into a lot of practice problems. The first two sites haven'tbeen completely updated to reflect the new SAT changes from 2016, so not everything they mention is up-to-date. Keep that in mind if you use them, and we’ve included some notes on each of them to help youuse them more effectively. Erik the Red If you need to brush up on your SAT math skills, this is a helpful site to use. This website lets you download pdfs with math facts, formulas, strategies, and math-related vocab.However, the math resources have remained unchanged since the old SAT, so they don't reflect the recent changes in format, question type, and skills tested. Despite this, the SAT tests many of the same concepts, particularly in algebra, so you can still get a lot from these sites. If you use this site, focus mainly on the algebra resources, and less on geometry, since there will only be a few geometry questions on the SAT. Erica Meltzer's The Critical Reader This site is useful for preparing for the Reading, Writing, and essay sections of the SAT. She doesn't offer a ton of information yet for the current SAT, and some of her SAT Reading tips have been merged with ACT Reading since the tests have become so similar. Still, she has some useful posts and will most likely to continue to add to them over the year. You can explore her blog for more tips on the verbal sections. The posts are engaging, but they leave it up to you to seek out examples and sample questions to try out her advice. PrepScholar Our blog also has a ton of great resources for everything you need to know about preparing for and taking the SAT. Our guides are completely up-to-date with the recent SAT changes, and they cover everything from creating a study plan, setting an SAT score goal, tackling the trickiest questions on the SAT, choosing the best test date, and more.Some of our most popular guides include: What Is a Good SAT Score? How to Get a Perfect SAT Score The Expert Guide to the New SAT Tips for Using Online SAT Practice Materials Now that you know where to find the best online SAT practice tests, follow the three tips below to get the most out of these resources. Take Full-Length Practice Tests Under Realistic Conditions You should aim to take full-length practice tests (especially the up-to-date official ones) in one sitting with accurate timing and realistic testing conditions. This means you’ll need to block out about four hours of time, so be sure to plan ahead for that. Taking practice tests under realistic testing conditions means your practice scores will be more accurate, so you’ll have a better idea of how well you’re scoring, how much you’ve improved, and which areas you still need to work on. Review Your Mistakes After every practice test or quiz you take, you should go through the answers you got wrong and review them until you understand what you did wrong and how to get the correct answer. This can take some time, but taking practice tests will only help you raise your score if you learn from your mistakes, so don’t skip this step! If you’re feeling burned out, take a break between finishing a test and reviewing your answers, but make sure to complete both steps. Alternate Between Different Study Resources There are lots of resources listed in this guide, from full-length practice SATs to short quizzes with only a few questions on a specific topic.Be sure to alternate among the different materials and use the resource that works best for each individual study session. For example, if you’re short on time or not on your A-game for studying, take a quiz or shorter practice test. You should reserve full-length practice tests (especially the official ones) for when you can set aside a few hours at a time and really concentrate on the test. Alternating between different resources can also keep your studying from becoming routine and monotonous and help keep your motivation up. Conclusion There are many SAT online practice materials, such as official practice tests, quizzes focused on specific topics, and sites to help you boost your knowledge of the skills the SAT tests.Using high-quality SAT practice tests onlinecan help prepare you for the SAT and score higher on test day. In order to get the most out of online SAT practice resources, you should follow these three guidelines: Take full-length practice tests under realistic conditions Review your mistakes Alternate between different study resources By getting in a lot of SAT online practice, you can be well-prepared and confident on test day! What's Next? Wondering what a good SAT score is? Learn how to set a score goal based on the schools you want to get into. Thinking about using Khan Academy for SAT prep?Khan Academy can be a great resource if you know how to use it correctly. Read our guide to learn how to make the best use of Khan Academy! Want to learn more about the new SAT? We have a complete guide to the revised SATthat goes over exactly what changed, what stayed the same, and how it affects you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Correlation between nursing culture and the change of nursing practice Thesis

Correlation between nursing culture and the change of nursing practice - Thesis Example The nursing discipline has been utilizing research evidence since over 30 years, state Estabrooks, Winther and Derksen (2004). However, scholars continue to be unable to identify what influences research utilization. Individual determinants of research utilization are not reflected in research findings on individual factors predicting research use. Further, Scott-Findlay & Estabrooks (2006) found that in research projects on nursing organizational culture, where individual determinants were studied, the investigators often studied determinants not amenable to change, for example age, gender, and years of nursing experience. Taking into consideration the fact that the majority of healthcare professionals including nurses work in complex organizations, it is important to shift focus towards studying determinants of research utilization for nurses as a whole, at the organizational level. Nursing culture helps to determine nursing organizational influence on nurses’ behaviors, par ticularly in relation to research use behaviors. Thus, Scott-Findlay & Estabrooks (2006, p.499) observe that â€Å"in nursing, one organizational aspect, organizational culture, is increasingly cited as a significant influence on the use of research by clinicians† such as nurses involved in clinical practice. According to Del Bueno and Vincent (1986), in nursing, the term organizational culture first appeared in 1986. Among a limited number of organizational culture frameworks in the available literature, one of the most commonly used frameworks is that of Schein (1992). Culture is cited at three fundamental levels, in a hierarchical manner; these include: observable artefacts, values, and basic underlying assumptions. Artefacts are the most accessible elements of culture, being visible and tangible. Values are the distinctly expressed norms, social principles and ideologies considered to have intrinsic worth and importance within the organization. Assumptions are the innermo st or core elements of culture, they provide expectations that impact perceptions, concepts and feelings about the organization such as the field of nursing. According to Scott-Findlay and Estabrooks (2006, p.499), â€Å"assumptions are the taken-for-granted beliefs about reality and human nature that practitioners in an organization share†. Thus, artefacts are manifestations of values, while values are manifestations of assumptions. The three levels of nursing culture constantly and repeatedly influence each other. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate nursing culture, and examine its impacts on the change of nursing practice, with an emphasis on evidence based practice and nursing research. Nursing Culture Culture constitutes a set of definitions of reality commonly believed in by a group of people sharing a distinctive way of life. Definitions of organizational culture centre on enduring attributes of culture such as values, assumptions, and beliefs that guide the processes within the group. As in most groups and organizations, in the case of nursing also, culture is considered as the ‘

Forensic Facial Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Forensic Facial Reconstruction - Essay Example forensic facial reconstruction has proved successful in certain cases and with further advancement, might be able to rule out controversies. It also touches media, arts, and imaging. This combination of art, visuals, and science have an immense future. It can also be one of the last resorts where all other evidence is missing in criminal cases. Mass graves, crime investigation, especially in the USA are being helped by this innovative method. Sculptors have to find the depth of skin and will be able to work on aspects that render most character to the face followed by muscle structure. Undoubtedly there will be some marginal structural flaws and accuracy limitations that are unavoidable considering the existing difficulties. Applying muscle and skin to the bone needs computer tomography. An old system consists of an image processing unit for skull morphometry and the imaging unit for compositing facial components on skull images. Interlaying of soft and hard tissues, an accuracy of r econstruction etc. still remains difficult. It is argued that the skull provides a detailed map of the face and it has led to Forensic Anthropology. "Physical anthropologists have long been called upon to apply their knowledge of human skeletal biology to practical problems of concern to the medicolegal system. The discipline of forensic anthropology arose out of this need to determine and assess the characteristics of an individual" writes Mehemt Yasar Iscan. Â  It has been difficult to achieve authenticity and standardization in face of acute opposition about inconsistency. "Despite varied attempts to achieve standardization in traditional techniques and the promotion of some newly developed ones, facial reconstruction remains on the threshold between art and science. It is the point at which science ends and the medical illustrator takes over that has led to most reservations over this branch of forensic anthropology" said Tyrell. Even though computer graphics had been able to r ender multidimensional help, the original clay modeling is still considered to be the most authentic and useful. "The former look of a face can be approximated by predicting and modeling the layers of tissue on the skull. This work is as of today carried out solely by physical sculpting with clay, where experienced artists invest up to hundreds of hours to craft a reconstructed face model. Remarkably, one of the most popular tissue reconstruction methods bears many resemblances with surface fitting techniques used in computer graphics, thus suggesting the possibility of a transfer of the manual approach to the computer." Laser technology and more and more information about the skull and facial intricacies have been helping the reconstruction by incessantly improving it. According to Venezis, "Skull and facial data from living subjects are acquired using an optical laser scanning systemhe computer image may then be exported to enable the production of a solid model, employing, for ex ample, stereolithography. The image can also be modified within an identikit system which allows the addition of facial features as appropriate".

Business report for Cadbury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business report for Cadbury - Essay Example ortfolio on the other hand it will surely provide opportunities for Cadbury for further expand its business and achieve organic growth opted in its strategies. The report not only evaluates company’s present situation but also makes useful findings regarding the company’s future and put forth recommendations for the company to remain a successful entity. This business report has been furnished in order to provide a critical assessment of the business environment in which Cadbury is operating and identify the recent changes that have occurred in the company’s business that has led to change in its ownership which of course has implications for its current business strategy and also future growth prospects. The report utilizes different business models to provide a summative report on the company’s ability to remain as a success in the packaged food industry. This analysis is also supported by financial ratio analysis that provides useful insight into the company’s financial performance and assists in evaluating why changes in the company’s business and strategy are imminent. Finally, recommendations are made for the next years of operations in light with the present corporate strategy of the company. Cadbury has remained a British iconic company for almost 183 years before it was sold to a US company Kraft. The company was established in 1824 by Quaker John Cadbury and later merged with a Swiss counterpart to form Cadbury Schweppes in 1969. Over the years the company had developed product lines into candy and non-alcoholic drinks market. However, as the company focused more on its confectionaries business it decided to sell off its seven famous drink brands that were once important part of the company’s business. Strategically the company has remained a successful business however in the recent years the company has gone through a tough period of hostile takeover bid by Kraft that has generated uncertainties regarding various business segments and

Low-Carbohydrate Diets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Low-Carbohydrate Diets - Essay Example o consult a doctor first before considering a low-carb diet because, although there are testimonials of being effective in weight loss, as reported, low carb diets posed negative side effects such as ketosis, a metabolic disorder that may cause the body to higher secretion of sodium and water loss due to increase level of ketones caused by deficiency of carbohydrate in the body. At this stage, a dieter may feel sluggish and tired and may experience low levels of energy, due to deficient level of carbohydrate, since carbohydrate is the major source of energy in the human body (paras.4,5). Furthermore, with low-level of carbohydrate in human body, protein will be burned to produce energy as a replacement for the function of carbohydrates. That’s why some low-carb diets menu include high-protein diets. Yet, the main function of protein in human body is for growth and repair, such as making new cells and repairing damaged cells. So, burning protein for energy source will set aside the other function of protein in human body, therefore losing its main function. An article in the internet source reminds us that using carbohydrate to provide energy for the body allows protein to be saved for its main function. It asserted that the protein sparing effect of carbohydrates â€Å"conserves protein for muscle tissues† (DeVault, 2011). If the protein will perform the supposedly function of carbohydrate of supplying energy to the body, it seems that high-protein diet as supplement for low-carb diet is suitable. . But that is not sensible because according to some research, abundance of protein in human body system may lead to several health problems such as heart disease and cancer. So, excess proteins must undergo deamination, primarily by the liver, a body process that will removed amino groups form the excess proteins and converting it into usable resources such as hydrogen and carbon. This process may tend to occur during physical bodily exercise (Sumayao, 2011,

Marketing youself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing youself - Essay Example From last phase of 2008 onward labour market is in a pathetic condition. Though the data relies by government and non-government agencies reveals that many companies started recruitment phase, but this is mostly at the lower level and for the employees belonging to the age group of 19-24 years. The important grounds for selection of these workers are Communication skill (54%), professional qualification (41%) and work ethics (39%). It has been declared that just 15 percent of the employees will receive a review in their pays in the year 2009. Only 8% of the companies are planning to heir migrant employees and these should be highly skilled (ICPD, 2009). The labour market in UK is composed of 31.23 million people as of 2008. Approximately, 1.3 % of this population is engaged in agriculture, 24.2% in the industry and 74.5 5 in the services industry. The unemployment rate of the country is about 5.6% as of 2008. (CIA World Factbook, 2009). UK has seen major ups and downs with regards to its employment rates. The percentage of the working population has however seen a northward trend since 1993. The report also states that the country spends the lowest amount towards the active based market programs when compared with other countries. UK spends less than 0.4% on its labour market programs as a percentage of the GDP which is much lower than its other counterparts in Europe. The reason for this can be attributed to the astounding success of the economy of the nation which has seen continuous periods of growth for about 57 quarters. Secondly there is very limited regulation and limits on the labour market. (Cort, n.d.). The recent economic downturn has taken its toll on the job market in UK. The unemployment rates have risen sharply. The latest figures released by the government shows that the total number of unemployed people in UK is about 2.26 million as of 2009. Analysts predict that these figures

Work environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Work environment - Essay Example This principle can also be applied to the use of new technology. The introduction of new technology requires better coordination in organizations to make use of the new technology. As managers have become aware of the benefits of shifting more responsibility to human resource departments within an organization, this has further led to decentralization and a greater emphasis on teamwork to get the job done. 1. Compare and contrast authority, responsibility, accountability, and delegation a. Authority belongs in the hands of a manager, whose job it is to come up with strategies, delegate responsibility, and use resources in an effective and efficient manner to achieve the objectives of the organization. Authority can be viewed from three view points: (1) Authority comes from structures within an organization, and not directly from people. (2) Authority must be respected by subordinates. This is shown by the acceptance theory of authority, which reasons that authority is only acquired b y a leader if the subordinates follow commands given to them. (3) Authority is appropriate to the particular position involved. Employees higher up the food chain have greater authority than their subordinates. b. b. Responsibility is authority given to carry out an order based on an employee’s position in the organizational hierarchy. c. Accountability is where authority and responsibility meet. d. Delegation is the way management chooses to assign responsibility to those lower than them in the organizational hierarchy. Most organizations encourage their managers to delegate authority to regular employees where possible so that the needs of customers are put first. 2. The divisional structure is often considered almost the opposite of a functional structure. Do you agree? Briefly explain the major differences in these two approaches to departmentalization. The functional structure revolves around common skills, expertise, work activities, and resources. Human resources are pooled together in large functional departments in order to achieve economies of scale and in‑depth skill specialization and development. The efficient use of resources is what defines the functional structure. The divisional structure is entirely different from the functional structure. The divisional structure focuses on product and division goals instead of functional skills and expertise. Despite this, divisional structures use functional departments within each division. Efficiency and economies of scale take a back seat to coordination among all departments and effectiveness in addressing the needs of customers. The key difference between these two structures is that the functional structure offers better efficiency internally but poor responsiveness, while the divisional structure is known for excellent responsiveness and poorer efficiency internally. 3. Define centralization and decentralization. Identify the three factors that typically influence centralization versus decentralization. What advantages does decentralization have over centralization? 1. Centralization and decentralization refer to the different levels of the hierarchy where key decisions are made and responsibility delegated. 2. Centralization means most of the major decisions come from top management (otherwise known as top-down approach).

Marketing youself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing youself - Essay Example From last phase of 2008 onward labour market is in a pathetic condition. Though the data relies by government and non-government agencies reveals that many companies started recruitment phase, but this is mostly at the lower level and for the employees belonging to the age group of 19-24 years. The important grounds for selection of these workers are Communication skill (54%), professional qualification (41%) and work ethics (39%). It has been declared that just 15 percent of the employees will receive a review in their pays in the year 2009. Only 8% of the companies are planning to heir migrant employees and these should be highly skilled (ICPD, 2009). The labour market in UK is composed of 31.23 million people as of 2008. Approximately, 1.3 % of this population is engaged in agriculture, 24.2% in the industry and 74.5 5 in the services industry. The unemployment rate of the country is about 5.6% as of 2008. (CIA World Factbook, 2009). UK has seen major ups and downs with regards to its employment rates. The percentage of the working population has however seen a northward trend since 1993. The report also states that the country spends the lowest amount towards the active based market programs when compared with other countries. UK spends less than 0.4% on its labour market programs as a percentage of the GDP which is much lower than its other counterparts in Europe. The reason for this can be attributed to the astounding success of the economy of the nation which has seen continuous periods of growth for about 57 quarters. Secondly there is very limited regulation and limits on the labour market. (Cort, n.d.). The recent economic downturn has taken its toll on the job market in UK. The unemployment rates have risen sharply. The latest figures released by the government shows that the total number of unemployed people in UK is about 2.26 million as of 2009. Analysts predict that these figures

Understanding the Education System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Understanding the Education System - Essay Example Additionally, the tuition for technical courses (such as nursing, medicine, and engineering) is extremely higher. Most university students are more likely to incur additional costs on activity fees, accommodation, supplies, and health insurance. As a result, the overall annual cost may increase to $12000. Additionally, the costs are constantly increasing when the university administration adjusts for inflation. The cost education has increased by more than 20 percent from 200 to 2012. The increase comes at a time where the median family income increases by less than 10 percent. Furthermore, the number of charities subsidizing the cost of tuition by providing scholarships to students has decreased. The competition for the limited opportunities is very stiff and results in few students attaining a college education. Moreover, a number of student loans are quite low and may fail to finance all costs. Upon graduation, the students have also to face additional challenges of attaining empl oyment and paying the student loans. The federal government has a responsibility of ensuring all high school students attain post secondary education. The government must implement policies that ensure that students obtain tuition subsidies. Furthermore, the university administrations must ensure that the cost of tuition charged to the students is fair and reasonable. The parents have a responsibility of ensuring that their children have education insurance policies to cover their education (Laura, 2013).

Oliver Twist the novel Essay Example for Free

Oliver Twist the novel Essay In Oliver Twist, the novel, Dickens uses a variety of language techniques to show how villainous Bill Sikes is. The vocabulary he uses is course and elementary. That, with the use of short, sharp sentences gives a fierce thuggish effect. In the film, Bill Sikes is calm in his words however with brutal with his actions. In the film adaptation he is also presented with a delicate, more human side rather than being pot rayed as a monster all the time, like in the novel. This is helped with the non-diegetic sound, to help create and eerie and tense atmosphere. In the novel, Dickens describes him as a Robber, Housekeeper these negative words add to his person as wanting to be the alpha-male. The language Sikes uses is not thought out properly. He says whatever comes into his head and this is why he is always quick to reply. In the film, even though Nancy explains herself, he hits her, and only after hitting her he realises what he has done. In conclusion, the way that Bill Sikes is presented as a villain in both the original novel by Charles Dickens and the BBC film adaptation are quite different. The villainy and the traits of Bill Sikes are portrayed by the language used by Charles Dickens which is short and sharp for fast paced action. The interactions of Bill Sikes with the other characters in the scene and chapter in which Bill Sikes completely ignores Fagin’s warnings and is very brutal to Nancy. Furthermore his villainy is also enhanced by the author’s and the film maker’s craft and use of various devices such as non-diegetic music and how Bill Sikes is called various names in the novel and finally his presentation of a villain is also based upon how he treats Nancy and how he reacts to his surroundings. In the novel he is presented to far more villainous than he is in the BBC film adaptation as in the adaptation there is remorse and regret over Nancy’s death.

The Physical Atmosphere in Faulkner’s Dry September :: Faulkner’s Dry September Essays

The Physical Atmosphere in Faulkner’s Dry September An anonymous patron in the barbershop at the beginning of â€Å"Dry September† makes one of the key statements in the short story: â€Å"It’s this durn weather. . . It’s enough to make a man do anything† (170). The patron sees the heat and drought as having possibly driven a black man to attack or offend a white woman. The idea that the weather has an effect on the townspeople is echoed at the end of the story when McLendon’s wife says, â€Å"I couldn’t sleep. . .The heat; something† (182). In both examples, the climactic conditions and external environment are seen as affecting the town dwellers’ behavior. The physical atmosphere, however, seems to be more a reflection of the emotional atmosphere of the townspeople than the cause of their agitation, as the barbershop patron would have us believe. In particular, the dust that pervades the story can be seen as a reflection of the dried-up, monotonous, and lonely existence of Minn ie Cooper. She lives with two old women, her sick mother and her â€Å"sallow, unflagging† aunt, and Minnie’s days are typically filled with nothing more than eating, napping, and going to shops in town to meet with other women haggling over prices for the fun of it (173). Minnie does not even have genuine friendships to enliven her â€Å"idle and empty† or dry and dusty days (175). Instead of establishing a female camaraderie between characters, Faulkner portrays relations between women as marked by tension and dissimulation; â€Å"one of those bitter inexplicable (to the man mind) amicable enmities which occur between women† (156, Absalom, Absalom!). As Minnie’s presumed friends during girlhood become women, they take pleasure in the fact that Minnie’s transition to womanhood marks the end of her days as a social butterfly; Faulkner calls it the pleasure of â€Å"retaliation† (174). The neighbors she visits on Christmas, women â€Å"friendsâ⠂¬  most likely, revel in the opportunity to tell her of how well her former love-interest is doing without her in Memphis, â€Å"watching with bright, secret eyes her haggard bright face† (175). When Minnie is having a fit of uncontrollable laughter at the end, the women she is with act solicitous and kind, smoothing her hair and saying â€Å"poor girl† to her, but this is shown to be dissimulation—they smooth her hair, not to comfort her, but to look for signs of graying, and between the expressions of compassion spoken in Minnie’s hearing, they speculate furtively over the veracity of her claim (182).

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Teaching Teachers Careers Essays

My Philosophy of Education Several experiences have influenced my philosophy of education. Some of these experiences have been good, others have not, but they have all proved invaluable in shaping my methods of teaching. As a non-traditional student, I have learned many lessons since being out in the â€Å"real world† that have changed my opinions about learning and teaching. I believe in Social Reconstructionism, Progressivism, and discipline in the classroom. I desire to become a high school teacher because I feel that students at this age needs a positive role model and someone they can speak to without talking down to them. I want to encourage my students every step of the way, as they bolster their confidence in themselves and their ability to make the right decisions. Students at this age do not understand the importance of their education and take it for granted at this stage of their life. My father instilled in me a passion for learning, at a very young age. I want to share this enthusiasm with my students. I would like to specialize in science because of all the scientific discoveries that are being made today and yet to come. As a Social Reconstructionist, I believe the curriculum should address the global issues and social problems that science can create. Some discussion topics for my class would include animal testing, cloning, genetic research, DNA research, water and air pollution, and overpopulation. My students would research the topic and its effects, prepare a paper, give a speech, and lead the class discussion of the topic sharing their own viewpoint. This process would develop my students’ critical thinking, problem solving, and decision-making skills. By employing class discussions, cooperati... ...ial in the lives of their students. I want to be a positive influence in the development of every student’s education. Being an idealistic person, I want to be so much for my students; a teacher that shows caring, compassion, a helper with their problems, and a positive role model. After my students leave my classroom, I want them to know more than just a few vocabulary words that they memorized for a test. I want to provide my students with a solid foundation that they can continue to build upon long after they have left my classroom. I never want my students to later struggle to fill in the gaps of their education because I was an inadequate teacher. Above all else, I want to pass on to my students my love and joy for learning, and help them to see that education is the key to their future endeavors. "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" by Gordon Lightfoot.

Indian village Essay

In a small Indian village, a young child, Natu, wanders away into the jungle and was assumed to have been killed by the evil man-eating tiger Sheer Khan. In the other hand, a pack of wolves took care of the boy as one of their pups and named him Mowgli. Raksha, his wolf mother, kept a watchful eye out for him for she knew that Sheer Khan has a relentless thirst for the man-cub. During his years in the jungle, he befriended several animals which aided him as he grows old. Raksha is a she wolf who nursed the little Mowgl as an infant. Baloo, a kind-hearted laidback grey-hided bear, teaches Mowgli and his feral brothers the law of the jungle. The black panther Bagheera sets an eye out for Mowgli for he is constantly hunted by a evil man-eating tiger, Sheer Khan. Kaa is a huge powerful hundred year old serpent who helps Baloo and Bagheera rescue Mowgli when he was captured by group of monkeys in the hidden ruins. The boy grew into a young man and one day stumbles upon the village once again. His real mother recognized the boy as the child she lost long ago and welcomed him back home. She teaches Mowgli how to speak their language and how people behave in their village. Mowgli’s extraordinary ability to talk to the animals as fascinated the whole village including the young lady Mahala, Buldeo’s daughter. Buldeo is a boastful and arrogant hunter who despises Mowgli for contradicting him about real life and animals in the jungle. Mowgli wants to buy a â€Å"tooth† (knife) in order to kill the evil tiger Sheer Khan and buys one from Buldeo. Buldeo wanted to kill the tiger Sheer Khan for the reward of his hide. But Mowlgi killed the tiger first before Buldeo did. Buldeo forced Mowgli to surrender him the tiger skin but he refused for he vowed to lay it upon the wolfpack’s council rock. Even though Buldeo forbids Mahala to talk to Mowgli, she goes with him into the jungle. Mowgli shows her the ruins of an ancient city with a vast treasure horde. Inside the ruins, a python named Kaa warns them that the jewels are deadly. Mahala takes one coin with Mowgli’s permission. Buldeo finds out about the treasure and persuades Mowgli to show him the rest of the treasure. He accidentally drops the coin his daughter took from the trove which caught the eye of the barber and his customer, and now they want to find the treasure too. After finding out about his daughters discovery of the gold coin, Buldeo coerced Mowgli to lead him to the treasure trove. He accidentally let the barber and his customer to find out about the treasure too. Mowgli leads the men and set out to the jungle to look for the ruins. They find the ruins but greed took place and they all fought for the treasure. When the barber and the customer died, Buldeo set the jungle on fire. Mowgli saves his mother and goes back to live in the village. A quintessential characters in the story is Mowgli, the main character in the story, a child raised by wolves who eventually goes back to his village when he becomes a young man. Another is Baloo, sleepy old grey bear, teaches the wolf pups and Mowgli the laws of the jungle and how to live in the jungle. Same is Bagheera, the black panther is originally born in captivity in the palace of the Rajah of Oodeypore, India escapes his cage when he was mature and strong enough, saves the life of Mowgli by offering a freshly-killed bull to the pack of wolves and demands them to raise Mowgli. Stock characters in the story include Mahala, a gentle young lady who fell in love with Mowgli. Mogli showed Mahala the ruins where the treasure was hidden. Messua is the wife of the richest man in the village and she believes that Mowgli is her long lost son, Natoo, who was lost in the jungle some years before. When she and Mowgli are reunited, teaches him the virtues and language of their village. Raksha is the she-wolf who takes care of Mowgli and raised him as one of her own pups. Defying the tiger Sheer Khan who is determined to hunt and eat the man-cub Mowgli she says that her name is Raksha, which means Demon, because of her ferocity and fighting skills, and vows to fight to her death for any of her cubs, natural or adopted. The play wanted to portray the 1894 original story of author Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book. The cast sought to represent the essence of each character in the story for the audience to feel the flow and tension of the play. The producers did an excellent job on capturing the spirit of the original story. Every key character was played well and with outstanding acting skills. The setting, background, and lighting makes the audience feel that they are one with the environment. The play and production was all meaningful for it captured and delivered what the audience would like to see, feel and hear. The cast skillfully played their roles and vividly showed emotion of the scene. As a child, I really enjoyed Disney’s animation of The Jungle Book. I enjoyed the play a lot. It made me feel like I was in the story with the characters. I liked how the play was delivered and how the cast depicted the characters. The lights and background gave a good addition to the environment. The sounds made the play alive. Sound effects give a really big impact to me in plays. I like how the production and script matched the original story, but with a little twist, which made it play even more fascinating. I look forward to watch more plays similar to this one for it brings back memories of my childhood. I know that the audience loved it too. Plays like this will be excellent to fuel the minds of kids and help enjoy life. Reference: (2006). The jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006, from Answers.com: world’s greatest encyclodictionalmanacapedia. Web site: http://www. answers. com/topic/the-jungle-book Internet Movie Database Inc. (2006). Full cast and crew for the jungle book (1942). Retrieved October 17, 2006, from IMBD: Earth’s Biggest Movie Database Web site: http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0034928/fullcredits Scheib, R. (2003). Jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006. Web site: http://www. moria. co. nz/fantasy/junglebook42. htm _____. (2006). The jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Web site: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jungle_Book

Grand Strategy of Popular Holding

Grand Strategy of Popular Holding POPULAR use growth strategy that involves expansion in sales revenues, number of customers, number of employees to accomplish the holding’s mission. POPULAR is making fast and extensive inroads into the Greater China market, especially in China and Taiwan. Their business activities cover many major cities and provinces in China such as Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Taipei. POPULAR also grow their business in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Canada. POPULAR has the network, content and the platform to grow their business and expand into new products, markets and businesses. The three main core businesses which are retail & distribution, publishing, and e-learning enable popular has become an established household name in book and stationary retailing. Publishing is a complementary business that acquired by POPULAR which is one of the growth strategies. POPULAR is gradually being recognized as an essential element in the book and publishing world in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Taiwan. In publishing, POPULAR publish text book, supplementary book or general book. In year 2006, POPULAR introduced HARRIS Bookstore which is a new brand that focus on English books. POPULAR are planning and introducing a new series of English children readers, titled ROBIN with i-pen readability and published by POPULAR UK Pte Limited. POPULAR also strive to transform themselves from a regional publisher to an international publishing group. Through POPULAR Canada, its Math Smart series has introduced into the United States. At the same time, they are looking closely at the UK market for potential business opportunities. In Hong Kong, most of the syllabuses for primary school are changed, except for the subject Putonghua. To consolidate leadership of position in the pre-primary textbook market, POPULAR adopt two sets of textbooks in September 2007 school year. Pan Llotds Publisher Limited specializing in supplementary books in Hong Kong. Since Hong Kong students have to prepare for two assessment tests, Pan Lloyds respond to this market need by launching two assessment series, namely HKAT Mock & Intensive Practices Series and TSA Mock & Assorted Practice Series. In Singapore, Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd is the top assessment publisher with emphasis on primary school titles. They are beginning to publish more secondary titles. In Malaysia, EPH Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd. , is gearing up to double the supplementary titles to be published for year 2008. To strengthen the publishing and retail & distribution divisions, POPULAR plan to publish more visually attractive full-color books, such as picture dictionaries, for toddlers and pre-primary school market. In expanding publishing activities, POPULAR synergize it with e-leaning business and retail & distribution business. Armed with their vast content library and publishing resources, publishing support the retail & distribution, as well as the e-learning business by providing them with relevant, unique and excellent contents with highly scalable contents. POPULAR aim to be the most innovative publisher of bilingual books. In retail &distribution, POPULAR introduce POPULAR membership card and give a lot of promotion to attract more buyers so that the sales revenue and number of customers can be expanded. Members can enjoy 20%* discount on POPULAR Choice & POPULAR Recommendation titles; 10% discount on all regular-priced merchandise at all POPULAR bookstore in Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore, and HARRIS Bookstores as well as CD-RAMA Department in Malaysia only; and 5% discount off of school and tertiary textbooks. Members can get discount at POPULAR connection as well. POPULAR connection is a reward program designed for members to enjoy discount and privileges at participating merchants’ stores such as Bossini (apparel), Icekimo (food), Norman (IT), Sunway Hotel (leisure), Optic Point (optical) and so forth. POP CLUB Magazine launched in year 2003. POPULAR will give POP CLUB magazine to for POPULAR Card Members and walk-in customers. With outlets peppered throughout Malaysia, vouchers can be redeem. POPULAR Gift Voucher is available in denomination of RM5, RM10 and RM50. To increase more sales revenue and number of customers, POPULAR also always organize many activities such as book fair, talk session, sharing session and so on. In june 2007, POPULAR opened [email  protected], the largest single floor bookstore in Hong Kong to propel the awareness of POPULAR in Hong Kong’s retail book scene. Besides that, Popular also co-operate with Sin Chew Media Corporation and MCA Life Long Learning Secretariat to organize [email  protected] [email  protected] is an annual mega event that has grown to be one of the region’s largest international book fairs, since its inception in 2006. The inaugural BookFest @ Malaysia which commenced in 2006 witnessed 320,000 visitors. It welcomed an overwhelming crowd which passed that benchmark and exceeded 400,000 visitors in the following year. In 2008, the annual event had proven to be yet another successful exposition with figures close to half a million. In Kuala Lumpur, POPULAR successfully staged [email  protected] 2007, in May 2007. In year 2008, there are more activities are carried out in the BookFest. Some of the special highlights for last year BookFest were: Olympics Exhibition, 11 overseas authors’ appearance, music performances by Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra, Readers’ Choice Award Presentation Ceremony, Book Recycling Campaign, Calligraphy Competition and many more. In Singapore, popular staged [email  protected] 2007 in December 2007. They are looking at opportunities to introduce popular’s version of BookFest to other cities in East Asia, particularly in Taiwan, which is second to mainland China in Chinese book publishing and sale. The e-learning business and prospect have gradually changed. Education is relying more and more on the use of IT for teaching and learning. Nowadays, users are more focused on how the evolving technology can improve their learning and education. POPULAR take this advantage to expand its operation. The Group’s e-learning business has grasped this opportunity to work closely with our retail & distribution and publishing, to provide direct value-add services to its products, like the i-pen function in our successful in-house brand, ROBIN Readers. The e-learning division continues to play an important strategic role in the Group by providing our publishing business with the advanced digital publishing technologies. POPULAR expand its business by establishing CD-RAMA and One-2-Buy. CD-RAMA retail various type of music, movie, drama in form of CD, VCD and DVD. One-2-Buy retail daily essentials ranging from personal care products, toiletries to light food stuff. POPULAR no longer a mere bookshop but a multi-purpose shop whereby customers can now shop for daily essentials and entertainment products. To expand the number of employees, POPULAR provide many benefits to the employees. Employees only have to work five days per week. Training and career advancement opportunities are given to the employees. Transport, laundry, attendance allowances and uniforms will be provided. Employees can enjoy 15% discount with any purchase in POPULAR. POPULAR is entering into a new business segment through a new subsidiary; POPULAR Land Pte Ltd. POPULAR Land Pte Ltd has purchased two residential properties which are 1 Robin Road and 18 Shelford Road for development of up-market residential units. They are also looking into commercial property business opportunities as well as for the potential future self-use. With using the strategies that mentioned above, POPULAR has ranked fifth in the Fastest Growing Singapore Brands’ category of The Singapore Brand Award 2006 organized by International Enterprise Singapore. POPULAR also has some 200 strategic alliance bookshops in the region. It is recognized and listed by the Malaysian Book of Records, as the largest bookstore chain in Malaysia. During the 9 months ended 31 January 2009, the Group turnover grew from $341. 8m for the same period of last year to $349. 4m representing an increase of 2. 3% whilst the Group profit before tax (â€Å"PBT†) decreased by 20. 0% from $24. 1m for the same period of last year to $19. 3m for the current financial period ended 31 January 2009. The Group has generated positive cash flow of $10. 8m from its operating activities and a net increase of $26. 2m, which includes gross proceeds of $19. m recently raised from the Rights Issue. POPULAR's turnover increased 9. 2% from S$398. 2 million to S$435. 0 million because of the opening of new retail outlets. Operating profits of the publishing and e-learning segments were the key contributors to an increase in Group profit – boosted largely by higher margins of the reprinted titles and the growth in supplementary book sales – the Group's profit after tax rose 18. 3% from S$11. 3 million to S$13. 4 million. Based on the latest Financial Year results, POPULAR's earnings per share increased from 2. 58 Singapore cents to 2. 99 Singapore cents.

Effective Working Knowledge of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (Hipaa) Essay

In case of a late entry (addendum) in one, shadow chart or independent database, that is used to add information to a previous entry must have the title addendum, date, time, the reasons of creating the addendum referring back to the original entry (Legal Medical Records Standards). Information technology staff can help decrease incidents of security breaches by implementing screen protectors in all computers, by providing logging accreditation to all personnel, by using network security software and hardware, by monitoring the safety of the network and by educating, reporting and enforcing any HIPAA violation. In case of disclosure of unauthorized protected medical information such as providing a copy of medical records to a friend of a patient without written authorization from the patient may result in fines and imprisonment to the institution and individuals involved in such HIPAA violation. HIPAA defines as criminal the use or disclosure (by individuals or institutions) of confidential medical information of a patient for any other purposes than treatment, payment, or health care operations. Such violations carry fines and/or imprisonment (Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality). According to the Montana Code 41-1-402 the healthcare provider can obtain a legal consent for prevention, diagnosis or treatment from a minor (without adult supervision) if the minor is graduated from high school, have a child, lives alone and supports him (her) self, is pregnant, infected with a infectious disease, is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In the case of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases or substance abuse the healthcare provider is obligated to provide counseling to the minor or refer the minor for counseling. Finally, in case of emergency the health provider can provide emergency care without consent and must inform the parents or legal guardians as soon as possible. One situation from Montana Code 50-16-603x which may result in a legal claim against the organization can be if the health care provider fails to report any communicable disease (such as tuberculosis) to the proper authorities; resulting in a potential health risk to the population and penalties to the organization and health care provider which committed such HIPAA violation. In the case of a minor unable to consent or make decisions (due to a mental condition or conscious state) and the absence of parents or legal guardians, two medical doctor must make all medical decisions on his behalf including cardio pulmonary resuscitation and termination of life support. Montana codes are in agreement with HIPAA laws in the following clauses regarding release of personal health information (PHI). According to HIPAA’s Privacy Rule the individual has the right to inspect and request a copy of his PHI upon a writing authorization. Under HIPAA law the healthcare provider can share PHI information with public health authorities for public health purposes such as prevention, statistics, research and education. Under HIPAA law the health care provider may share PHI to business associates for treatment, payment and healthcare operations (HIPAA Privacy Rule and Public Health). 2. (c) A health care provider may deny access to health care information by a patient mentally impaired by disease, medications, drugs or alcohol used at the moment of the request References Legal Medical Records Standards, Annotated 2008. Retrieved from www. ucop. edu/ucophome/coordrev/†¦ /legal-medical-record-policy. p†¦ Montana Code, Annotated 2009. Retrieved from http://data. opi. mt. gov/bills/MCA_toc/index. htm Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality. Retrieved from http://www. ahima. org/resources/psc. aspx HIPAA Privacy Rule and Public Health â€Å"Guidance from CDC and the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services â€Å"Annotated 2003. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/m2e411a1. htm

Is Neoliberalism in crisis today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Is Neoliberalism in crisis today - Essay Example In other words, a change towards a neo-liberalized world is taking place. Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher had adopted such an approach much earlier as a means to economic growth and welfare of the citizens. But recent events like the global recession have brought about doubts regarding the long term effects of neo-liberalism. This paper looks at the impact of neo-liberalization with regard to organizational change at the macro and micro levels in the world today. It will review whether this concept is relevant and whether its future as a saviour of mankind is in peril. The paper will first review the concept of organizational change at micro and micro levels. It will then discuss the concept of neo-liberalism and then review its impact on organizational change. Change in organizations has been studied seriously by many authorities from diverse fields such as management, psychology, anthropology and sociology. Prominent among them are Kurt Lewin and John Kotter. This is what authors from the field of management have to say about the two authorities mentioned above. Richard Swanson, a noted authority on human resources development says that â€Å"The classic metatheory of change is Kurt Lewin’s (1951) field theory. This theory remains at the core of most change theories† (Swanson & Holton 2001, p. 137). About Kotter, authors George Manning and Kent Curtis has this to say - â€Å"There are many models for understanding organizational change. One of the best is an eight-stage process provided by John Kotter of Harvard University† (Manning & Curtis 2002, p. 281). These two theories apart from those propounded by others form a framework for implementing organizational change. But what is important in this context is the impact of neo-liberalism on organizational change. As mentioned earlier, the business world is changing