Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Henry VIII †Success or Failure? Essay

Henry the eighth was born in 1491. His father’s good reign meant that Henry succeeded the throne without any problem. He became king in 1509. He was courageous and skilled, also ruthless and savage – one of his first actions was to behead two hated tax collectors. This made him popular. He married Catherine of Aragorn – his brother’s widow. This was against church rules, but the Pope gave special permission. Henry spent all of the money his father had given him on battle against France. This was the battle of Spurs, 1513 – the French spurred their horses and ran away straight away. Meanwhile, Scotland attacked England. Catherine of Aragorn and Henry’s nobles quickly built up an army. A tactical error on the side of the Scots meant that Scotland lost and suffered a political disaster. He also had many friends – one famous one was Thomas Wolsey. Wolsey’s intelligence had meant that he hade gone from rags to riches. Henry made him rich and powerful – many people said that Wolsey was more powerful than Henry. However, when Wolsey asked the Pope not to grant Henry’s divorce, Henry told him to attend a court trial which meant that he would go back to rags. Wolsey died just before the trial. Henry’s divorce is one of the most important religious changes in History. To acquire it, he changed England’s church so that it was separate (but still Catholic) from the Pope – who wouldn’t grant him a divorce. He then simply asked his archbishop to grant him a divorce. This created the Church of England and later meant that England would become Protestant. In order to get a son, he married three times. He then married another three times. He married Catherine of Aragorn, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard and Katherine Parr. Of these, 2 were beheaded. He decided to shut down the monasteries, possibly due to the fact that they owned 1/4 of England’s land and were very rich – his excuse was that some did a bad job. The 1535 Black Book of the Monasteries was a biased report on how well the monasteries functioned. By 1536, many smaller monasteries had been shut. In Yorkshire, where the monasteries were very good, there was an uprising of 30,000 men. Henry crushed this by lying to the rebels, waiting until they disbanded and then breaking his promise. This meant that by 1540, nearly 400 monasteries and their lands were owned by the king. Henry spent his last years fighting with Spain and France. To determine whether Henry was successful of not, we must first think, what is a successful king? What makes an unsuccessful king? Kings and Queens such as Mary Tudor and King John have often been called failures because they were not popular. At times, Henry was not popular at all – he had a great uprising. Does this mean that he was definitely a failure? Henry did many good and bad things during his reign. He was very ruthless – he executed many people without proper reason. He spent all of his money on wars. He lied and was arrogant and greedy. He also protected England from attacking countries. He changed the church and destroyed the monasteries. His son succeeded the throne without any problem. Henry himself had a bad personality. He did, however, improve the country a lot, keep it safe from opposing countries and keep his Barons and rebels under control. If you look at it one way, Henry had a bad personality, married 6 times and would not have been a very nice person to be with (he executed people without thinking). He was however; a very successful king and England did gain a lot from him. He went to a lot of trouble to prevent political disaster and acquire a male heir. If being a successful king requires a good personality, then Henry was a failure. But if being a good king depends on how many good things he did for his country, he would have been a successful king. Henry did however, do many bad things that some other ‘failure’ monarchs would probably not have done, such as ignore and mistreat his children/wives and fall out with the Catholic Church. In conclusion, Henry VI was a dictator and a failure, but his motives were not all bad and he, although using ruthless measures did succeed in his main aim to secure the throne of England with a male heir. Therefore overall, if the historian studies what he achieved, then he achieved a great deal more than many other monarchs and is therefore a success.

Book Review: Gone Girl

The deception and Lies, that were motivated by the secrets that Amy and Nick were hiding, are what led to the demise of their marriage. The Sir Walter Scott quote â€Å"O what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive† is a perfect way to sum up this story. Amy creates the ultimate act of deception In the novel when she tries to frame Nick for her murder, that she fakes. Amy decides to frame Nick after she learns that he has been having a secret affair. Once Amy is on the run, because she faked her murder, the tables of deception turn n her when she is robbed by two people she befriended while she was hiding out.Amy flips the tables back on a man she had been deceiving since high school, Despond. Despond is blind to Amoy's deception because he loves her and he loves to help women with issues. Amy uses Despond for his money and a new hideout and he willingly gives it to her. She tells Despond these horrific stories of Nick and paints him out to be this abusive mo nster that she Is fleeing from. Little does Despond know that Amy has also painted this same facade for him, she tells her parents and Nick that Despond is this creepy ex and that he tried to kill himself over her when they were back in high school.Amy is then forced to live up to Deacon's ideals of a perfect women when he has her stay with him and he restricts what she's eating and tries to get her to be loving and affectionate with him. While Despond thinks he Is In control, It Is really Amy who has the cards In her hand. She eventually ends up betraying Despond when she murders him and runs back to Nick. She paints yet another picture of Despond as this monster who was holding her hostage and she fled from. Amy is constantly deceiving everyone in the story, she even ends up getting screwed over herself because of all the lies.Amy gets the true final say, in the story, when she finally traps Nick by Impregnating herself with his old sperm she had saved which forces Nick to stay In this loveless marriage. Had Amy not lied and deceived Nick numerous times she might have been able to save her marriage but she is so used to being deceitful that I don't think she even realizes that just being truthful might have been the easier route to take. â€Å"You can put a face behind a mask but be careful because someone else might be retesting. † is a warning that Nick needed.Nick is a man who is betrayed many times In this story. Initially you almost feel sympathy towards him until you learn of his Infidelity. For Nick he never realized all these deceitful things Amy was doing Amy and then the public causes him to lie to his sister and many more people. Nick and Amy are very self absorbed and because Nick is so self absorbed throughout the entire book he ultimately never sees any of the lies Amy tells him. He also ends up flipping the tables on Amy when he gives these interviews depicting a husband who till loves his wife and Just wants her to return safely.Amy fa lls for it because that is all she wanted in the first place, for him to need her and miss her and want her. Amoy's return is what makes Nick believe that he will be freed from this marriage but it ultimately is what causes him to become trapped in the marriage. Nick is so consumed with screwing over Amy as bad as she did to him that he never realizes that Amy is always two steps ahead of him. While he pretends to be this loving husband in the beginning he is really cheating on Amy, and Amy is planning on ramming him for her murder because of the infidelity.While Amy is deciding on her next move after she's in hiding, Nick pretends to be this loving husband who misses his wife to get her to come back. When Amy comes back and realizes Nicks true intentions, to try and get her to confess to Deacon's murder, she pretends to be completely oblivious to it so she can trap Nick in their marriage. The characters almost play a game of cat and mouse throughout the whole story. They are consta ntly trying to get over on each other and in the end it may seem likeAmy wins but the truth is there were so many lies and so much deceit that happened that no one really ever got what they wanted. Nick will never love Amy and ironically he grew to hate her more when she came home then before she left. The sad thing is that Amy thinks that Nick will Just learn to accept the fact that he is trapped and learn to love her again once the baby is here but he will only end up resenting her even more because of the fact that he is trapped. While these lies were created to save and protect a marriage, they only ended up destroying it and that is the true irony of the story.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Ethical Theories in Business Environment

The Energy Corporation is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing to the community. Our organization is made of 400,000 members as I am a part of the board of directors. One of the directors has asked to address himself as a director of the Energy Corporation to personal potential clients. I have been asked to review this matter. Before giving the rest of the board a review I shall look into the perspectives of philosopher's theories on ethics.The first philosopher I will bring up is Emmanuel Kant. Kant was one of the most influential philosophers of western philosophy. In Cant's perspective, the sole feature that gives an action moral value is not the outcome that is attained by the act, but the cause that is behind the action. So in this case if the director is trying to make himself seem important or his actions benefit him more then the company then Kant wouldn't agree with this decision. His actions should be pure and for the best interest of everyone.When thinking abou t this situation we can discuss Practical Imperative. â€Å"Act to treat humanity, whether yourself or another, as an end-in-itself and never as a means. (Kant). Individuals or groups of people are not to be used unjustifiably in demand to acquire your goals or pursue an edge or unfair benefits. People have rights that shouldn't be violated. In other words Kant would ask, â€Å"Do my actions respect the goals of human beings rather than Just using them for my own purposes? † If not then it's not prohibited. Simply that using others for ones benefit is wrong.If the action is what is seems to be, then Kant would identify it as Hypothetical Imperative. The goal is not based on pure reason but based on desire. For example if someone wants to confident in a class hen they have to study hard. If this director wants to address himself as a director he has to earn that privilege. I believe that Kant would approve this action only if the action was not for the director's benefit in a ny way which seems difficult. A person with a different view will give his perspective on the situation and his view on ethics, this man is John Stuart Mill.John Stuart Mill was the most well-known and influential British moral philosopher of the nineteenth century. Mill concentrates on consequences of actions and not on rights or ethical opinions. Mill is known for his ethical theory of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is explained by examining the outcomes of actions and comparing those decisions with what would have occurred if some other action had been performed. Mill believes that the measures of an action can evaluate agents not the act that is committed. Mill focuses on the Principle of Utility.Principle of Utility is defined as an action that can be allowable if and only if the consequences of that act are at least as moral as those of any other action existing to that agent. So relating this to the situation the director hasn't done any wrong because he may have the same goa ls as us. According to Mill if no other actions or decisions can be made then there is nothing wrong with the director's request. Mill states that everyone's happiness is taken into account, and given equal weight (SIS). Mill's theory describes that happiness is to be spread amongst many people.It seems that Mill is describing that when someone is making a decision that the decision should bring happiness and if it does then it is right. He believes there is no limitation on consequences. All of the happiness and unhappiness must be taken account in an action no matter how timely it can be. After listening and eating about Mill I believe that he would let the director have his way. For that reason I believe he wouldn't mind because he would think that his decision wouldn't cause unhappiness to others. After all, the director is helping the organization in the long run.We all have the same goals and are trying to achieve the same things. Thought we can't predict the consequences of e verything this seems to have minor unhappiness. A decision in this situation needs some moral reasoning. The perfect person for that is Lawrence Goldberg. Lawrence Goldberg born in the state of New York was known for his contribution to the stages of moral reasoning. The stages of moral reasoning consist of 3 levels which are Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional. His studies suggest that overtime everyone progresses with their moral reasoning.Though people cannot Jump stages overtime they make their way to the later stages. So according to the studies from Goldberg adults should have a better grasp on moral reasoning. The theories show that adults have gone though some stages and should be able to make better decisions. The level Goldberg believes that society is in is second conventional stages. The first level is an attitude seeking to be approved by others. The second stage is one focused on abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty. So thinkin g about all of this in the current situation makes us think critically.If according to Goldberg we abide to our duties then requesting permission address oneself as the director of the organization is connecting to the duties. Goldberg would use his moral reasoning to understand the perspective of everything and find the good in the situation at hand. â€Å"At this level, the individual perceives the maintenance of the expectations of his family, group, or nation as valuable in its own right, regardless of immediate and obvious consequences† (Goldberg). Goldberg would believe that the decisions of each individual member of the board are for the best interest of the organization.Goldberg would allow the director to continue with his request because if the director is in a part of the chart of moral reasoning then his actions must be in the best interests of others. â€Å"Right action tends to be defined in terms of general individual rights and standards that have been critic ally examined and agreed upon by the whole society' (Goldberg). When we make decisions we want to make sure there is a Justice behind them. Maybe applying the Justice theory can help understand the situation. John Rails theory of Justice revolves around two fundamental principles.The first principle promises the right of each person to have the most general basic right agreed with the liberty of others. The second principle states that social and economic positions are to be to everyone's advantage and open to all. The Justice Theory focuses on what it sounds which is not to treat others unfair, the individual rights of others come before cooperate needs. Rails would say that we are in the Original Position. In this Original Position we are self-interested cantonal people that are motivated to select in a knowledgeable and progressive way for whatever seems beneficial for ourselves.Leading to the Difference Principle which is described as â€Å"Social and economic inequalities shou ld be arranged so that they are both, to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged persons, and attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of equality of opportunity'(Rails). The Difference Principle means that society may start projects that require giving curtain people more power. Though this can only happen if two conditions are met. The first Ewing that the project has to improve the lives for the people who are now worst off.For example raising the standards to live so the less advantaged are better off. Second, access to the advantaged positions is not blocked by discrimination according to immaterial standards. So after discussing the Justice Theory it seems that in certain situations giving power to others is appropriate. In doing this everyone else's rights are not being taken away. In the long run the decision to let the director to continue with his request will indeed benefit the organization in the end. It is in this certain situation that all of the conditions are met. Justice is happiness according to virtue† (Rails).Justice will bring happiness to others and everyone around it. As human beings we all have rights. Rights to life, a right to choose, a right to vote, to work, to be free. Rights are entitlements in which we can perform certain actions. Talking about this is all leading to the Rights Theory. We are all people and we have rights. If others affect our rights then things are unethical and can be illegal. â€Å"Rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived† (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014).In accepting our rights we accept our freedoms. Having a right is the ability to determine what others may and or may not do and to exercise authority over certain aspects of situations. The use of authority can be exercised as long as no rights are being violated. Maybe the director is using his authority in his request in speaking with the personal potential client? The director has a right to make his request from his position. No one can take away that right from him. If his request does impact the rights of another person then the request is not allowed and is unethical.Everyone has rights and so does the organization. A person who says to another ‘l have a right to do it' is not saying that it is not wrong to do it. He is claiming that the other has a duty not to interfere† (Razz, 1994). I feel this quote can open doors to the situation. It says that you may have the right to do something which is k but can confuse if the act is wrongful to others. The director does have a right to say he is a director of the organization because he is a human being and its part of his natural rights as a person of the company. Yes it is his right but is it ethically right?It only takes one person to make something ethically or morally wrong. If none of the other directors in the organization have a problem wi th the situation then it can be considered ethically acceptable. All of these theories have a lot of ideas and beliefs. I believe after reading about all of the theories about ethics and moral reasoning it gives insight and enlightenment on many situations in the business community. It is easy to make a quick decision and settle with it. As fast as the decision may be it could be making a mistake even faster. All of these theories force different perspectives.Kant would approve this action only if the action was not for the director's benefit in any ay which could seem difficult. It's one thing if it was a regular business but the fact that the organization is non-profit changes things. It changes people's perspective about the business. Non-profit does what's best for the community. I believe Kant would approve of the request. I believe Mill wouldn't mind this request because he would think that his decision wouldn't cause unhappiness to others. If it did cause any it isn't enough to outweigh the good from it. The directors' request will help the organization in the long run.Goldberg would believe in moral reasoning to guide the road of directors to make the right decisions for the organization. The Justice Theory would allow the request because sometimes it allows an individual power for the greater good. Finally though the Rights Theory everything would be allowed as long as no rights are violated. So after all of the theories I hope that all of you can follow my ideas. I find that the request is for the best of the organization. Ethically the cause behind the request outweighs the bad. We are a non-profit organization and we are made of many people and that is hard to miss.We all have the same goals and ideas or bettering the community. This response describes to everyone why the request should be allowed.

Monday, July 29, 2019

IPO(Initial Public Offerings) industry in HongKong Term Paper

IPO(Initial Public Offerings) industry in HongKong - Term Paper Example The current discussion is aimed at analysing the IPO industry in Hong Kong. In last few years, IPOs have been transforming the financial structure of a number of private limited companies in the country. Hong Kong is considered as the world’s leading financial centers having a capitalist economy driven by low taxation and free trade. Hong Kong is considered as the most important international financial center and in the 2009-10 year, it raised 22% of the worldwide IPO capital making it the largest IPOs in the world and thus signifying the importance of IPOs. Hong Kong is considered as the international financial center mainly because of the passive government’s policies with no control over the imports and exports (Browning, 2014). Hong Kong has suffered a dip in the IPO volumes in last two years mainly because of the financial breakdown in the Asian and European economies. However, things have been improving a lot in last few years with a number of private limited companies lining up for the IPOs. The performance of Hong Kong IPO industry has been remarkably positive and lucrative in last few years making it one of the highly preferred economic destinations for a number of investors. The major purpose of the discussion is to understand the legal framework and procedures of the industry along with focusin g on the recent development and trends in a critical manner (Brown, 2014). As per the research conducted by KPMG (2013), it was found that funds raised via Hong Kong listing will increase to more than HKD200 billion in the year 2014. Hong Kong registered more than HKD 160 billion with more than 90 companies listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange. Furthermore, it is expected that the IPO industry of Hong Kong will witness a rise in IPOs by 78% from the previous year in the year 2014. This states the significance of

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Philosophy and Social Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Philosophy and Social Justice - Essay Example A social system is said to be just if its values are contrary to those systems that foster suffering, abuse, oppression, tyranny, discrimination, and prejudice. A just social system incorporates the government since solely the government does the distribution of services and resources. These services include education and health services. When the government provides a quality education, dependable health services and equitable distribution of resources to the populace without favor then we say we have a socially just society. A society where every citizen, whether rich, poor, powerful, or powerless is given an equal chance to thrive either in social, or economic aspects. In conclusion, a socially just society upholds the rights of its citizens as provided in the constitution. These rights may include right to shelter/housing, freedom of speech, freedom of association, equitable economical empowerment among others (Daniels, 2005). According to the Theory of Justice (Veil of Ignorance), Rawls argument is from a principled reconciliation of fairness and liberty. Ideologies of justice are used to guide the conduct of the parties. These groups face a little shortage, and they are not purely egoistic or naturally altruistic. They have a mission they seek to achieve, but prefer to achieve them through collaboration with others on mutually suitable conditions. Rawls gives a form of fairness in the choice within groups using principles of justice that are mutually acceptable. In such limitations, Rawls believes that the involved groups would find his preferred ideologies to be attractive, winning out over varied alternatives such as right-libertarian and utilitarian accounts. Rawls claims that ignorance to certain issues in the society will create fairness in the society; this he calls the original position. If a person does not know his future in his own imagined society, he is likely not giving

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Quantitative data analysis( By using IBM SPSS ) Essay

Quantitative data analysis( By using IBM SPSS ) - Essay Example It helps to identify the case that has the outlying values. When the initial_output and final_output is taken together for a study, we must examine whether there are outliers in both these variables, unlike there is only one outlier in initial_output so that we can omit both of those extreme cases coming out of initial_output and final_output for any further analysis (like correlations, regression etc..) so that the statistical analyses would be perfect. The following tables and diagrams depict the same. Now by analysing the final_input and final_output variables together, we observe that only case number 58 is the outlier, shown in both the initial_output and final_output box plots. So we can omit that entry for analysis involving the variables initial_output and final_output. Interpretation: From the above t-table, we observe that there is a significant difference between the initial_output and final_output (t value is significant with probability 0.000) which indicates that the training programme is effective. From the above box plot, it is observed that the final output of the case number 58 is outlier, which indicates that in one weeks training programme, the output of case number 58 has tremendously improved in one week training programme compared to the other respondents. Also we notice that case numbers 37 and 55 are extreme low outliers in 1 week training programme. There is no effect of training programme for these outliers. Interpretation: From the above output, we observe that the final output of 1 week training programme is tremendously appreciable when compared to other training conditions ie. 1 day training programme or no training programme. The homogeneous subsets indicate that there is a significant difference between the 1 day and 1 week training programmes but there is no significant difference in the final output between

Friday, July 26, 2019

Holistic Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Holistic Nursing - Research Paper Example The term complementary is preferred because it conveys the idea that these therapies are used together with, rather than as a replacement for biomedical treatment. On the other hand, the term alternative conveys the thought of a therapy being used in place of a biomedical treatment. Finding a good definition for complementary therapies has been an uphill task. Several definitions have been proposed. The complementary therapy is a broad area of medicine that is made up of health systems, practices and modalities plus their accompanying beliefs. In the definition, the term complementary medicine is used n place of complementary therapies. However, the word â€Å"medicine† can be changed to â€Å"therapies†. There are more than 1700 identified complementary therapies. Classifying these therapies is as daunting as coming up with their definition. This is because the therapies vary and they encompass indigenous cultural practices that are vastly unknown in the western world. Additional challenges come up because the mechanisms of action for many complementary therapies are not known (Lange & Zahourek & Mariano 2013). NCCAM has suggested the following groups for complementary therapy: biological based therapies, mind-body therapies, manipulative and body-based therapies and energy therapies. NCCAM has noted that a complementary therapy is no longer classified as a complementary therapy once it becomes an accepted treatment for specific conditions (NCCAM, 2005). The boundaries between complementary therapy and the dominant health care systems keep changing. As a result, what may be considered as complementary at a point in time can be recognized as part of the mainstream healthcare later on . Complementary and alternative therapies are healthcare topics that have instigated discussion and debate in a large way. Many people in the US have shown considerable interest in these topics. This is evident

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Transport Techniques and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Transport Techniques and Management - Essay Example Fossil fuels are considered as non renewable sources of energy (Lawson, 2001, p.38). The reserves are getting depleted away at a much faster rate in comparison to its formation. However the production process and its use increase the chances of environmental pollution. Therefore a global footstep towards the formation of non-renewable resources is under process in order to meet the needs. However there are also environmental effects which take place for its usage. USA only holds 5 % of the world’s total population, but due to its high usage of private cars, it consumes a lot of petroleum products. USA uses more than 25% of the total fossil flues of the world. Moreover 90% emission of green house gasses is mainly due to the process of fossil fuel combustion. Combustion of fossil fuels also gives rise to the different air pollutants the pollutants include nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds and sulphur oxide (Chowdhury, 2007, p.2). Coal, natural gasses and oil are made fr om fossil fuels (U.S department of energy, n.d.). Oil is also considered as the primary source of transportation. Petroleum products include diesel, petrol and other natural gasses. Due to the heavy increase of transportation there is a huge increase in the use of petrol and diesel. Also the products are non renewable sources thus usage should be controlled. Therefore it is necessary to find an alternate source by which the non renewable sources can be consumed for future uses. Also if the non renewable sources are used to a certain level the future generation capability may also get highly weakened. Hence the alternative means of flues or any other technology must be renewable. In other words there should be use of alternatives which can be further generated and also remain economically friendly. Therefore in the context of the project the three alternative means of technology or fuel in underlined below:- Alternative 1- The first alternative is about using solar energy for the pro cess of transportation: The use of solar panel in car can hugely save energy and is also an eco friendly medium. Solar panels are mainly made up of different individual components such as Photo voltaic cells. These cells are capable of generating high amount of amount of energy in order to run a carriage. Solar panels can be attached to the roof tops of the cars, the solar panels are mainly used for running the peripheral devices within the engine and not rolling the wheels. The only difference between the other cars and a solar car is the fuel that is used for running the car. The energy from sun also known as solar energy is used to charge the cells. The power that has been generated from the solar panels is used to charge the 11 Nickel Metal-Hydride batteries, which makes it capable to run even a bus. For example a bus named ‘Tin-do’ is capable of carrying passengers up 27 numbers. The car is also capable to run at a speed of 76 km / hr. The biggest advantages of usi ng solar panels are that it gets recharged very quickly. The quicker recharge system allows the battery to get recharged 1km capacity, which makes the technology to be very competitive. The advantages of Solar energy cars are as follows:- The energy is practically inexhaustible. The energy is derived from sun light and hence there are no concerns over its existence (Chauhan,

Politics surrounding Main character V in movie V for Vendetta Essay

Politics surrounding Main character V in movie V for Vendetta - Essay Example He nurtures tactics of surveillance and detection. He can turn deceptive to catch to attack the opponent. The sad experiences that V encounters prepared him, for the fight against the oppressors. He puts on a mask that acts a means of defense against his opponents. There are solemn political issues in the movie that drive the V to undertake his missions. Character V is unsatisfied by the nature of control by the British government in the movie. His reactions, therefore, have their basis on political concerns. The way through which the government leads the people is stressful and initiates opposition from the citizens. Character V is a representative of all the citizens forced to endure the atrocities of the oppressive government. Through his tactics, V fights against the forces promoting the oppression of citizens. The violent strategies applied by V in the movie are not to promote destruction in the country, but the desire to bring change. Political environments are inconsiderate of the rights of the people. The government does not grant the citizens civil liberty, for instance. Several curfews created by the government restrict the free movement of the citizens and deny them the freedom to interact and socialize. Such environment prompts the decision by V to oppose the regime by killing officials who are inconsiderate citizens' rights. There is a notable lack of interest by the public, which allows the government to violate the civil rights of the citizens. V calls on the society members to rise against to condemn the political actions in the society. The oppressors do not recognize the privacy of the citizens and undertake surveillance over their conducts without their awareness. According to V, the government does not administer freedom and liberty according to its officials claims. The nation is poor, and the citizens are suffering. All the plight of the citizens, according to V, result from failure by the government to protect its citizens. The control of the government is brutal, a condition that V would never tolerate as a condition in the country. In his opinion, there is a need for citizens to have a collective resistance against the government and oppose the oppression. The attacks by V and destructions are to sensitize the people to gain courage and advocate for their rights. V intends to have the citizens to launch full support for his actions that oppose the oppressive regime of the government. In V’s view, the continued idleness that the citizens have in addressing the various inhuman conducts of the government is a reason for their prevalence. That should the citizens continue with the reluctance to address the issue, the government is most likely to continue oppressing the citizens. There are scenes of torture that depict the extent of disregard for human rights by the government. Some of the tortures conducted result from political motives. The viewers get an insight of how unwillingness to advocate for change in the society can affect the government’s operations and create an oppressive regime. The government can disregard any right of the citizens when not under serious opposition from the citizens. Citizens, therefore, would continue to suffer. Citizens must have a unitary cooperation that can express their feelings about the government’s ways of conducting normal business. It condemns apathy of the citizens

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

SOCIAL THOUGHT AND SOCIAL CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SOCIAL THOUGHT AND SOCIAL CHANGE - Essay Example Marx developed his theory based on the existing economic, social and political scenario through a series of economic manuscripts in 1850s. After the fall of Russia in 1991, the world underwent some significant changes especially in value system, financial policies, production and distribution of wealth. Many nations in the world including China, and other Asian countries show their willingness to accept new liberal ideologies in social formation. Existing social scenario demands economic growth rather than social changes. Therefore, Marxian explanations on social change have been losing its relevance and it is not capable to understand capitalism. Historians often remark that Marxian philosophy denies centralization of wealth and it always requires a society with equal distribution of wealth. Unfortunately, individuals with power in later generation discard Marxian concept of social changes. Marx follows certain moral principles in his life and expects his followers to live in accord ance with some code of morality which ensures effective social changes. As John Cunningham Wood (n. d. p.20) comments; â€Å"In fact Marx expects the individual to act according to a code which is generally accepted and when individuals with power overlooked this demand, Marx was outraged.† Another significant area that Marxian ideologies face problem is that the acceptance of private property among the public. Exponents of capitalism demand maximum profit in financial dealings. In it the thoughts gain demands men to work hard and use all their potentialities. Marxian theories individuals are not given much priority and so in this special circumstances man power and his services are often discarded. Professional competence in work field as well service sector demanded maximum products than changes in work fields. It made a flaw for the Marxian ideology. It created a group of people who became less industrious and energetic. Marx’s explanation of Social Change: Marx was a man who had great vision on the change of society and the growth of all individuals. â€Å"Marx can recognize the centrality of individual action in social explanation while at the same time insist on the irreducibly social character of the conditions that constrain individual action† (Little, 1986, p.150). He had much concern for the progress of the working class individuals and he had seen that the exploitation on the working class would come to end with the implementation of the rule of Proletariats. The Marxian theory on social change was based on his concepts of class. The notion of class in a society is seen as the constant struggle with the oppressors and the oppressed. The struggle between these two is a prolonged struggle in the history. The working class is majority in number and they try to overturn the bourgeoisie. The struggle between these two will finally take place the victory of the proletariats over the bourgeoisie. He stressed the need of individual free dom from the hands of the oppressors. According to Daniel Little, Marx’s model â€Å"indicates that he accepts the view that the ultimate source of social change is the active individual within specific relations. Indeed Marx’s view that class conflict is the engine of historical change indirectly expresses this same point; for class conflict proceeds through definite

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

City of the Beasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

City of the Beasts - Essay Example The book is a magical journey into the heart of the jungle as well as Alex's journey towards self discovery under the most unexpected circumstances. Nadia and Alex both find their inner strengths through visions and their interactions with the tribe. Through their encounters with the "People of the Mist", City of the Beasts encourages readers to look beyond what is seen by the naked eye and listen beyond what the ears can hear. City of the Beasts clearly reveals that there is beauty even in the evil looking creatures and how people are easily swayed by outside appearance of individuals. Listening by the heart is also shown as a way to understanding things which cannot be fully grasped by our senses. The story also revolves on the painful realities of the worlds such as racial discrimination, catastrophic decisions on the environment, abuse of power, and corrupt officials. However, though the story is crafted with essential lessons it also has some pitfalls. The book drew a picture of the world based on popular clichs. All the modern persons in the story are depicted as destructive and tough, sometimes to the point of being inhumane.

Monday, July 22, 2019

The Effects of Alcohol on the Human Body Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Alcohol on the Human Body Essay Introduction Today, alcohol is one of the most common substances that people abuse. It is an addictive drink that has become a popular way of having a good time or relaxing in social gatherings. It is among the most commonly used psychoactive drugs. Alcohol is a popular social phenomenon, yet most societies forget its effects on their bodies. Research has carried out in the recent years on the effects that alcohol consumption is having on people. The resulting data has been extremely negative. The introduction of Alco pops, led to a substantial increase in the youth population drinking alcoholic beverages. On average, young people start drinking at approximately age thirteen. Parental and peer influences are a major factor in these early habits. Before the legal age of 21; almost seventy percent of people manage to get away with at least one alcoholic drink. This increases the probability of adolescent consumption in the future. Alcohol, specifically ethanol, depresses the central nervous system and it has many side-effects. Cell membranes in the human body have high permeability to alcohol, so alcohol diffuses into nearly every biological tissue of the body once it gets into the blood stream (Dasgupta 2011, pg.88). It starts affecting the body and mind from the second one sips it. After taking it for a while, one starts feeling more sociable, but drinking too much makes basic human functions like walking or talking harder. One might start saying things they don’t mean and behave out of character. Some of the effects of alcohol disappear overnight, while others stay longer or become permanent. Other effects are impaired judgment, addiction, poor mental health, hormonal change and withdraw as a result of deciding to quit. Alcohol affects most important organs within the human body. Alcohol interacts with the gamma amino butyric acid receptors located in the brain. These receptors are the center of inhibitory neurotransmission in the human body and is synthesized from glutamic acid (Miller 2006, pg. 23). First and foremost, it depresses the brain tissue, the nervous system and destroys brain cells. The problem with destroying brain cells is that, once lost they cannot be regenerated. Excessive drinking over a long period of time may cause severe problems to one’s memory and cognition. Alcohol affects parts of the brain like the cerebral cortex; limbic system; cerebellum and the hypothalamus. The cerebral cortex is the center of voluntary muscle movement and it processes one’s thoughts and senses. Once inhabited by alcohol, it slows down our bodies on reaction time and impairs judgment. This makes an intoxicated person more talkative and confident. Also in the cerebral cortex, alcohol increases the pain threshold. It affects the hippocampus as it impairs memory and causes inflated feelings (Miller 2006, pg. 48). The limbic system controls emotions and memory. Alcoholic effects on the limbic system occur when the intoxicated person endures memory loss and uncontrolled emotional outbursts. The cerebellum controls the body’s muscular movements. When it is affected by alcohol there is involuntary muscle movement and incoordination. The hypothalamus controls the body’s automatic functions and release of hormones. Alcohol affects the hypothalamus through sexual performance and arousal (Brigg 2010, pg. 71). An intoxicated person is more sexually aroused, though the performance is not as normal. The liver can fairly process alcohol safely when the drinking is moderate. Heavy drinking however, overtaxes the liver causing serious damage. A fatty liver is one of the first stages of liver destruction among heavy drinkers. It interferes with oxygen distribution and nutrition of the liver’s cells (Horsley 2008, pg. 94). Persistence of this condition causes the liver cells to die and form fibrous scar tissues. This is the second stage of the deterioration of the liver. Part of the liver cells may regenerate with proper nutrition and abstinence. However during the last stages of deterioration the damage to the liver cells is irreversible. Alcohol abuse is a major contributing factor in cancers, including mouth cancer and liver cancer, which are both on the increase. Alcohol comes second to smoking as risk factors for digestive tract and oral cancers. Research suggests that this happens since alcohol breaks down into a substance called acetaldehyde. This substance then binds to proteins in the mouth triggering an inflammatory response from the body. In severe cases, cancerous cells eventually develop. Alcohol alters the chemistry within the brain and increases depression risk. It is associated with various mental health problems. People suffering from either anxiety or depression are twice likely to be heavy or addicted drinkers. Extreme drinking levels may often cause psychosis. This is a severe mental illness that causes development of hallucinations and delusions of persecution. Psychotic symptoms may also occur when heavy drinkers suddenly decide to stop drinking and as a result develop a condition referred to as ‘delirium tremens’. Moderate drinking does not suppress food intake. It may actually increase appetite. Heavy alcohol consumption has an opposite effect. It causes euphoria, which leads to lack of appetite. As a result, heavy drinkers often eat poorly and get malnourished. Alcohol contains seven calories per gram thus is rich in energy. However, just like fat or pure sugar, these calories lack nutrients. The more calories consumed in alcohol make it hard for the drinker to eat enough food to get enough nutrients. Worse still, alcohol abuse displaces calories from required nutrients and interferes with metabolism of nutrients in the body. This damages the liver, the digestive system and most every bodily organ. Alcohol irritates and disturbs the stomach. Therefore, heavy drinking may easily cause nausea, diarrhea and also sickness. Alcohol also has a dehydrating effect (Newell 2004, pg. 39). This is one reason why heavy drinking may lead to a severe pounding headache the next morning. Hydration also determines the extent of a hangover. After drinking heavily, unconsciousness may occur and extreme consumption levels often lead to alcohol poisoning. Death can also occur in a situation where alcohol concentration within the blood stream is more than the blood. Alcohol may also cause death when there is asphyxiation from vomit (Haven 2001, pg.43). Drinking too much alcohol is not good for your skin either. It causes dark circles under a person’s eyes and bloating. It also dries out the human skin and may lead to premature aging and wrinkling. Drinking heavily may cause acne rosacea (Taylor 2000, pg. 70). This is a skin disorder which starts with likelihood to blush and flush and eventually progresses to facial disfiguration known as rhinophyma. Conclusion Use of alcohol is a great, enjoyable and safe experience if used moderately and with caution. If one does decide to drink they should drink slowly and responsibly. A drinking person should always consume alcohol with food. A person should drink no more than one drink in an hour. Consuming plenty of water in between drinks is also very important and helpful. Pregnant women should not drink and also one should not drive under any alcoholic influence whatsoever. Mild and moderate alcohol use benefits the coronary system (Newell 2004, pg. 98). Generally, for healthy people, moderate alcohol is considered as one drink a day for women and around less than three drinks a day for men. This is considered the maximum advised amount of alcohol consumption. Healthy people refer to those women who are not pregnant, people who are not addicted to alcohol and without any pre-existing medical conditions. However, the quantity of alcohol safely consumed by an individual is highly personal and dependent on genetics, family history, sex, weight and age (Taylor 2000, pg. 79). References Brigg, J. 2010. The Practitioner, Volume 5. California: University of California. Dasgupta, A. 2011. The Science of Drinking: How Alcohol Affects Your Body and Mind. Boston: Rowman Littlefield. Haven Emerson, G. N. 2001. Alcohol and Man. New York: Ayer Publishing. Henry Newell Martin, H. C. 2004. The human body: a beginners text-book of anatomy, physiology and hygiene : with directions for illustrating important facts of mans anatomy from that of the lower animals, and with special references to the effects of alcoholic and other stimulants, and. New York: Henry Holt and Company. Horsley, S. V. 2008. Alcohol and the human body . London: Macmillan. Miller, M. W. 2006. Brain Development: Normal Processes And the Effects of Alcohol And Nicotine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Taylor, B. 2000. Everything You Need to Know About Alcohol. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Just Us! Cafe: Business Analysis

Just Us! Cafe: Business Analysis Just Us! Cafes is the company specialise in food and service industry consist of wholesaler and retailer in Nova Scotia, Canada, and United States. Just Us cafes vision is to be a leading Fair Trade business that builds on quality, professionalism and innovation for the benefit of all their stakeholders. Their core product is certified Fair trade, organic products and local products which is high quality and social and environmental responsibility. Just Us! Coffees focus on nique market of promoting fair trade. The Moores have maintained a strong commitment to educating consumers while building strong brand identity and upholding constant growth. The main distribution channel of Just Us are in grocery stores, four cafà ©s (two each in Wolfville and Halifax) and distributed products on university campuses. In current situation, the prevailing economic climate and increasing competition has been issues to the founders. In addition, Just Us! Coffee goal to expand their business, consequently, the new challenges arise from having compete with several big brands for example Starbuck, Mcdonald, Kraft who also introduce the FairTrade certified coffees, or Rainforest Alliances certified coffees and small coffee shops and new entrants to retain its brand recognition of its customers. There are several possible answer to those problem such as: Increase power of branding to make it difficult for new entrants and create the different with existing rivals. Using Joint venture, franchising as an option to expand into new market Using new media to increase marketing and customer service. 4 Current Situation Analysis Positioning is the art of designing the companys offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. (Kotler, 2003, pg 308). 4.1 External Analysis: In order to develop effective strategies Just Us Cafà ©s are required to examine the external environment in which they operate. I have carried out the following analyses: Pest Analysis Porters 5 Forces Competitor Analysis 4.1.1 PEST analysis Political As highlighted throughout the case, a huge political factor involved in the industry was the certified recognition of actual fair trade and the whole process. Economic The economic environment is constantly changing and as we can see from the case, some competitors are providing partially organic ranges as well as mainstream organic coffees. JU pricing is at a slight premium and in the current environment; disposable income of consumers can play a large role in choosing a product. JU must be aware that a consumers feeling toward one product may be influenced by their income, regardless of how strong they feel about fair trade. Social As mentioned in the case, the overall coffee experience seems to be a large part of the attractiveness of JU and competitors. Any future strategy must be designed with this experience in mind rather than expanding rapidly and diminishing the experience factor. Technology Technology is constantly evolving and JU can seize a significant advantage by utilizing technology more. JU needs to examine the improvements technology can make in the manufacturing process and in their advertising. Environment The issues of carbon footprint means there are more incentives to buy from local supply rather than international import. Legislation There is no specific legal requirement for fairtrade or coffee in general. 4.1.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCES Threat of New Entrants: Threat of New Entrants is high within the market as there are very few barriers to entry and fair trade coffee trends are extremely popular so it is an attractive industry. Buyer Power: Buyers threaten an industry by forcing down prices, bargaining for higher quality or more services, and playing competitors against each other (Dess et al 2004:53). As mentioned in Appendix B-PEST, the customers income plays a huge role in selecting a product therefore if they decide to bypass fair trade products because of the premium price they can hold allot of buyer power, thus making buyer power in the industry high. Threat of Substitutes: There are various substitutes for fair trade coffee in the industry such as regular coffee, tea etc but not only coffees but in the general beverages market e.g. Coca Cola, Water etc. As a result of this there is a very high threat of substitutes. Supplier Power: Supplier power is relatively low as the industry is fair trade coffee. From previous knowledge, coffee suppliers were being exploited and continued to produce. It is simply because of the willingness to partake in fair trade that they have gained power. However I still believe that due to the underdevelopment of the producing countries allot of the power still lies with the buyers. Competitive Rivalry: Competitive rivalry is relatively high as seen in previous competitor analysis. There are many competitors in the local market and on the shelf within the mainstream markets. 4.1.3 Competitor Analysis Competitor Channels Locations No. Shops Kicking Horse Coffee Shops, Gourmet West Coast, Canada N/A Stores, Restaurants Quebec Ontario Kraft Foods Stores, Universities United States Mainstream PG Millstone Mainstream Canada United States Mainstream Nestle Mainstream Canada United States Mainstream Lowblaws Private Label Lowblaws Stores Canada Mainstream Just Us! Coffee Shops, Universities, Gourmet Stores, Nova Scotia, Quebec 4 Coffee Shops On The Supermarkets Ontario Shelf Trident Bookseller Cafe Coffee Shop Halifax, Nova Scotia 1 coffe shop Java Factory Coffee Shop Nova Scotia-Halifax, 3 Coffee Shops Darthmouth, Upper Tantallon Tim Hortens Restaurant Nova Scotia General-Wolfville(2), Halifax(21) 170 Second Cup Coffee Shop Retailer Canada General, Nova 360 Scotia(6)-Halifax(5) 4.2 Internal Analysis 4.2.1 Core Competence The Value Chain is a method that can be used to analyze JUs internal environment. Porter (1980) created a generic value chain model which listed activities that could be found in most firms. These activities can be divided into primary and support activities, which aim to create value for customers, whilst exceeding the cost of such activities. 4.2.2 Financial Analysis 4.2.3 Value chain 4.2.4 Geography focus 4.3 Evaluation SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Just Us! Coffee Roasters brand equity is what drives the company forward. Customers base their decision to purchase coffee from Just Us! Coffee Roasters are a symbol of their own personal beliefs, demanding ethical business practices and quality of product. Just Us! Coffee Roasters image also attracts a passionate following. Weakness Just Us! Coffee Roasters operates as a co-operative. Not only must they operate to fulfill shareholders expectations, but they also must operate in a manner that is expected of the values that the company had initial0ly set out with. Jeff and Debra Moore, are bound to creating a profit while maintaining the appropriate image and practiced that they initially based their company on. Upon entering the next phase of the companys life cycle, Jeff and Debra must maintain operations under strict control of their original company values as they compete against competition that does not share the same values. Opportunity New Fair trade products: With more and more fair trade products becoming readily available a huge opportunity to increase the product portfolio is on the horizon for JU Social Media/Online: The online environment presents JU with a huge opportunity to increase brand awareness, engagement and utilize its loyal customers feedback at a very low cost. Threat Clarity on Fair Trade: An issue highlighted in the case was that of clarity and regulation on fair trade. It is to be seen that the fair trade term is been thrown around too commonly and applied to every product, thus potentially reducing effect of one of JUs key USPs. Clouded Focus: At the moment JU are using multiple channels of distribution, however with various challenges on the horizon a decision needs to be made on a strategy. Operating and managing two separate strategies can create a clouded vision within the company and a decision needs to be made on prioritization. 4.4 Ethical issues Ethics are the moral principles or values that govern the actions and decisions of an individual or group (Gresham 1985)  [1]  . Ethical principle has been used as guidelines of business activities and justification of action. The table below 2 The part JU focus on in this diagram is ethical and legal which make them more expensive than others. The reason for that is they promoting Fairtrade to pay more for suppliers, therefore, the cost of it will be higher than competitors who are currently not in fairtrade segment. Secondly, as the case study mention, they couldnt use licensing method since they dont trust the agency who selling JU product would comply with JU ethical principle. It may damage their reputation as well as losing customers. 5 Memo to juliet 5.1 BCG Matrix As JU provide various organic products it is important to examine the more profitable ones and not so profitable in order to either focus marketing effort on weaker products or discontinue them. The revenue from coffee and drink has the highest percentage in the trade figures of Just Us! Cafe while in the Fairtrade market there is significant growth rates in volume in both coffee and tea over a four year period. Perhaps JU should look at the profitability of the market for others (vouchers) and consider placing less emphasis on it. Since it contributed lowest proportion to the total revenue and even loss in one store. However, the gift cards, gift basket and event tickets in this category may promote all Just Us products. Benefits of BCG Matrix The BCG matrix help managers in resource allocation among various units. The managers can compare several business units which company offer. This method simplified the analysis of the product and market by using the market share and growth rate of products. BCG has been well known world wide and used for quick respond to the industry. The BCG allows for the making of comparisons so as to measure the growth and development rate of a company against the average growth rate in that specific industry. In addition, this particular matrix is also enjoyable to use, encouraging better decision making. Large organizations that are normally in need of effective decision making can benefit a lot from using BCG matrix, especially those seeking better resource management. Limitations of BCG Matrix High market share does not always leads to high profits. There are high costs also involved with high market share. Growth rate and relative market share are not the only indicators of profitability. This model ignores and overlooks other indicators of profitability. At times, dogs may help other businesses in gaining competitive advantage. They can earn even more than cash cows sometimes. To sum up, it can be seen that even though BCG matrix has many benefits, it may not applied to JU since they offer Fairtrade products, therefore, the cost is relatively high as well. In other words, high market share and high growth rate may not give them high profit. Moreover, the dog products seem to have lower revenue may due to high profit margin and has been used to promote others products. 5.2 Product Life Cycle Using product life cycle to find the stage of products could help to understand the profit of the products offered. Rather than compare the market share and growth rate, JU can use product life cycle to understand their products. Coffee and drinks still on the growing trend, it shows that these products is on the growth stage which need to increase differentiation, improve the products and services while gaining the market shares. The JU products and Bodum, Lunches, Bakery has been put in maturity stage since the revenue of those are expected to increase slighty compare with Coffee and Drinks. The other products of JU complied of gift card, event tickets has low profit and even loss due to introduction stage. Therefore, it should not be removed from the products range. 5.3 Financial Analysis Appendix 5.4 Geography Concentrated Appendix 6 Retail Customer loyalty strategy INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION The concept of IMC has been defined in three ways: a one-voice view in which there is one theme and one image, a perspective which suggests that product, image and consumer behaviour should be considered simultaneously and a perspective which focuses on the integration of communications disciplines.(Nowak, et al, 1994) CONSISTENCY IMC planners, focus their attention in two types of consistency, one voice one look and strategic consistency. For instance one voice one look, delivers a campaign in which all advertising, sales promotion, sponsorship, publicity and direct response and package for the two different products have the same appearance and feel. All the media messages reinforce one and the other. (Duncan, 2003) Renovation of coffee shops into uniformed unit could show customer the consistency of the business. Increase the customer service performance JU cafe can improve the customer service such as the expert suggestion or customer related services. The good customer service could improve the performance and increase turnover. Improve customer awareness Events and exhibitions to keep the customer aware and informed about fair trade and Just Us products. By provide the chance for customer to understand JU nature as well as fairtrade, customer can feel more comfortable to come to the coffee shop. Loyal customer base Promotions such as giving free cup of coffee for return customers. Loyalty cards for existing customer to collect points to exchange for gifts or products. Customer relationships such as email of new products or service or simply the news on Fairtrade. 7 STP analysis and the marketing mix Market MARKET SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING Segmentation and targeting seek to determine who companies want to reach in order to build brand relationship. Marketing today is in the name of efficiency and effectiveness, becoming more focused on smaller but more profitable segments of the market. (Duncan, 2003) Just us cafe currently focus on the young people 18-30 who concern about the ethical issues and interested in Fairtrade. However, that is only the niche market where the number of customer is small compare to JU competitors. In order to increase sales, JU need to expand it own segmentation. In other words, JU need to enter new segment in order to get more customers. For example, JU offer to fashion industry such as giving coffee for catwalk show or JU coffee could offer delivery to office for white collar people. JU coffee would increase the target since more and more people outside their age focus interested in drink coffee and ethical issues. POSITIONING The positioning of the JU coffee need to be uniformed. At the moment, there are 4 different location which offer different products and service which make JU too diversified. If new customer come to the coffee bar they may expected the same service, therefore, JU coffee should be made as uniform service. Strategic Marketing Options: Ansoffs Matrix In the market JU has their existing menu as the existing products which other competitor also provide the same kind of products and services. The market is existing. Therefore, JU cafe have 3 option they could adopted. Market penetration: JU can improve their customer service, renovate the current location and training employees to increase and improve the customer experience. Moreover, they can use new media to promote the brand. Product development: JU can come up with new products which may benefits their current customers such as new formular for coffee, additional art on coffee cream or the new food in their menu. Market development: JU can use Joint Venture to expand their market and sharing the risk of investment. Evaluation of Options: SAF Option 1: Market penetration Suitable In the current situation, Just Us cafe can use this to improve their market share Yes Acceptable This method is acceptable since JU has the experience in premium service. Yes Feasible The fund required is lower than the other methods The experience available Yes Option 2: Product development Suitable In the current situation, Just Us cafe can use this to improve their customers experience. Yes Acceptable The new products cannot be launched immediately since they need to research and development. No Feasible The fund required is high and there is need for expertise. May be Option 3: Market development Suitable In the current situation, Just Us cafe can use this to improve their market share Yes Acceptable This method make JU lose part of their control in new shops. May be Feasible The fund required is medium since it can be share with other venture and the risk is shared as well Yes 8 Implementation a. Strategic and Marketing Objectives b. Marketing Strategy and Marketing Mix Advertising POP materials Direct Marketing Web Site Personal Selling Exhibitions and Events Packaging Sales Promotion Trade Promotion Product Placement Field Marketing c. Responsibilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ d. Time Period for Implementationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ e. Monitoring and Controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ f. Return on Investmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 9 Conclusion Just us cafe can offer the option 3 or option 1 since all of the option require sufficient fund to launched. The option 3 seem to be more suitable since JU want to expand the market. Using Joint Venture, they can create the alliance with other rival to protect themselves as well as increase the power over new entrant and stronger competitors. However, they can increase their channel for supply and B2B market as well as B2C. Besides, JU can also use new media such as online business or online network to promote their brand with low cost of maintainance since WWW become more and more wellknown.

Design of Steel Structures: History and Features

Design of Steel Structures: History and Features Since the 80s the 20th century, the steel as a building material, being more widely used, this office and commercial building contractors in the performance is particularly important. In residential construction, the steel is also a certain proportion of the market. Structural steel is mainly used for roof and facade on the framework. However, from another point of view, the market shares of steel is not ideal, mainly due to technical limitations by 80s, steel structures, product range is very limited. 90s of economic recession slowed the momentum of development of residential steel, and then recovering somewhat in a few years. During this period, the architects and structural engineers have done a lot of fruitful research, the most representative of an invention is the invention of steel rib, use the steel ribs of the light steel dragon wall, no longer a cold bridge phenomenon. This dissertation shows the history of steel constructions, illustrated introduction to these building characteristics, structure and even including the construction, structural aspects of some cases. Also shows what is steel structure and the features of steel structure and stabilities and safety. Introduction In many industrialized countries like the United States, Japan, Britain and Australia, steel is most popular in residential building activity. In Australia the 50% of residential building is made by steel structure; more than 50% of steel structure is used for constructions in Japan; and in Finland, Sweden, Denmark and France have formed a certain scale of industrial steel building system. In U.S. the steel structure is mainly used for multi-storey apartments, hotels, the first steel construction was designed in 1990. So far a total area of the steel structure is developed till approximately 300,000 m2. Up to now, to use the steel structure in the low-rise construction in the U.S has developed 25% from 5% in 90s, and technology of use the steel structure has matured and perfected. The history of steel structure in Japan is more than 100 years. In recent years the steel structure construction has been quickly developed in Japan, steel building construction was increased each year to 50% until now since 1965. Use 90% of steel structure for low-rise building is very common in Japan, there are use approximately 30 tons of steel structure for average area of 300 m2 of construction. History of steel structure The first used of steel structure in construction of countries can be traced back to the end of 18th century in British. A century later, when the French engineers built the famous Eiffel Tower, people began to try to use the steel structure to build the single-family house, thence the steel construction completely changed the previous model of building forms, building design concepts and methods. Steel structure was already been widely used. The high-rise, residential high-rise steel structures are very common in the developed countries. The steel column, H column, round column are more superficial; H steel is generally been use for beams; the column nodes is connected with high strength bolts or welding or both them. Steel deck floor is usually cast composite slab structure a mainly uses light energy to maintain standardization of prefabricated wall panels. For fire protection is mainly use the fire trucks on fire coating or coated plate. Currently the steel structure is became popular residential industrial countries. In Australia, Japan the 50% of the residential is made by steel structure, 20% in United State, The first of modern architecture, in France were known as the New art nouveau, and were known as the Modernism in Spain. But this phase was too short, and it was less than 20 years which from 90s the 19th century until before the First World War. For example, in the United States and Finland, the impact of the New art nouveau was very weak, and it turned better in beginning of 30s the 20th century. The New art nouveau architecture was emphasized that the basic characteristics of the main building and the environment harmonization. The second phase of modern architecture began in the after the First World War in 20s the 20th century, and quickly became popular in industrialized countries, the same as the New art nouveau. This phase of the design ideas, including new materials, new structures of understanding and application of the additional focus on new technology applications and innovative architectural languages. Therefore, this phase is also often known as Structuralism, Functionalism, The international style and so on. The second phase of the design trend of modern architecture began after the large-scale industrialization in many countries, this also gives both the positive and negative effects. While the corresponding negative, especially staggering impact on the environment. A key feature of modern architecture is innovative. Steel construction is the synthesis of the material, structure, technology and the request of the people are comfortable living environment. Throughout the history of the development of steel structure, we can see that architects are always trying to put the structure and construction together, and to show the structural system that an artistic forms. At the same time, the architects constantly explore the issues of how the river of steel and other materials to be used together perfectly. How to transform the existing residential areas, to adapt them to modern of urban structure, characteristics of the times and adapt modern construction and materials technology is also a rather challenging problems. Steel structure was widely used as building materials in 19th century In mid-19th century, steel as a building material widely used in Western Europe, with the price of steel for residential structure also occur at this time. There were many large public buildings with steel structure in this time, including the famous Train Station in Paris which is North station and East station, sanctity of that for the library and the French National Library. At the same time, iron component, in particular prefabricated cast iron components into the structural members or even the entire structural system has also been widely used in the 10 industrialized countries in Europe. Crystal Palace was a landmark steel structure was built in 1851s for World Expo in London designed by a gardener called Joseph Paxton. Crystal Palace used a lot of steel and large glasses, a perfect combination of two materials, it is a classic although only a temporary building. The form of steel structure The construction industry has tried many different styles in 60s to 90s the 20th century. On the one hand, the current style is constantly developed and improved, there is a turning point that before they were critical and negative trends of thought in this phase. In the period of 60s to 80s, the USM-Haller system which created by the Swiss architect Fritz Haller is characterized by use of bolts, making every part of the structure can disassemble and re-assembly, the components can be recycled many times. In addition, the steel structure is also very popular in Finland, Sweden, Denmark and France and other European countries. Denmark, Sweden and France have a large-scale construction of residential steel system success. The European people tend to put the steel and a healthy lifestyle together. The famous of steel construction in the world is: MillenniumDome in London, designed by British architect Richard Rogers; -Figure 6. La Tour Eiffel in Paris, designed by Gustave Eiffel The concept of steel structure What is steel structure? Production of steel is one of the main types of building structures. Steel is characterized by high strength, light weight, rigidity, and it is for the construction of large span and high, especially suitable for building ultra-heavy, homogeneous and isotropic material is good, and ideal elastomer, the most general engineering mechanics of the basic assumptions; material plasticity, thoughness, and may have a larger deformation, can well withstand dynamic loads; short construction period; its high degree of industrialization, mechanization can be a high degree of specialized production; high precision, high efficiency, sealed good, it can be used for the construction of cylinders, thanks and transformers. The disadvantage is poor fire resistance and corrosion resistance. Mainly used for heavy load-bearing skeleton of the workshop, subject to dynamic loads of the house structure, shell structures, tall tower and mast structures, bridges and libranries and high-rise construction. The basic properties of steel structure The intrinsic properties of steel used by it endured a series of raw materials and process decisions. The role of the outside world, including various types of load and the performance of its meteorological environment is also not overlook. Construction projects, steel structure of steel are used in relatively good plastic materials under the action of the tension, stress-strain curve at more than obvious after the elastic yield point and a yield platform. Then included in the strengthening phase. Traditional steel design, steel strength to yield point as a limit, and as the carrying capacity of the local yield criteria. However, the plastic properties of steel under certain conditions can be utilized; simple bracket allows the surface of the plastic contained in the moment of maximum development; continuous beam and the plastic design of the framework has been on the agenda was. Structural steel and other building materials, the intensity is much higher. In the same loading conditions, steel structure containing surface is small, containing part of the thickness of surface is also small. Therefore, the stability in the steel design is a prominent issue. As long as there is compression of local structures and the possibility should be considered in the design of how to prevent instability. Sometimes, the locality is not ask the ultimate bearing capacity of components, you cannot add to prevent, and take advantage of post-buckling strength. Structural steel has good self-willed. Therefore, an important dynamic role in steel structures often do. But the design of such steel must also be the correct selection of steel, when the load when repeated, also from the calculation, construction and construction aspects to consider fatigue. The toughness of steel is not immutable. Material, class, stress state, temperature, etc. will be affected by it, the steel structure used to have brittle fracture of the accident, began to promote from the age of welded structures, the brittle has become an attractive issue.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Research Methods Essay -- Research Analysis

Research Methods 3 Introduction E-business is an issue that has been extremely popular for the past couple of years; after introduction of the internet, many corporations were undecided on whether to use the opportunity. However, this concept has slowly been accepted and many companies are using the opportunity to expand the popularity of their brands. However, E-business has a couple of challenges that need to be tackled in order to make internet business safe and reliable. The following research proposal will look into the possible methods of investigating into the vulnerability of consumers of online products. Background information Many corporations have gone online to market and sell their products and consumers are increasingly engaging in E-business. Business has shifted from the traditional over-the-shelf method to the contemporary internet based businesses, with consumers and companies communicating and carrying out transactions online. This has however created an opportunity for hackers and other online criminals who create replicas of genuine websites by altering a single digit for hosting to be possible; these fraudsters have managed to rip off unsuspecting consumers of their money pretending to be the genuine companies. Hacking of credit card details online and taking massive cash from the consumers illegally using rogue technology, creates a question of how vulnerable the consumers are and the amount of personal information the consumers should provide to avoid this vice from taking place. Research Questions and Objectives The following research is meant to develop an understanding on the level of vulnerability of online consumers. In addition, the research is meant to rate the level of preparedness of onlin... ...easing or decreasing and statistical tools used to eliminate errors in the findings. Works Cited Arora, K. (2011). How to protect online content from theft. Retrieved from http://www.quickonlinetips.com/archives/2011/05/protect-online-content-theft/ BBC. (2010). E-crime police arrest 19 over UK online bank theft. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11431989 Identity Theft Technology Council. (2005). Online identity theft: Phishing technology, chokepoints and countermeasures. Las Vegas, NV: Identity Theft Technology Council. Mccurry, M. (2011). Congress must combat online theft. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/56984.html Onguardonline. (2011). Identity theft. http://www.onguardonline.gov/topics/identity-theft.aspx Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2009). Online identity theft. Washington, DC: OECD.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Sustainable and Successful Innovation :: Business, Iraqi Manufacturing System

Today, almost all organizations face a dynamic environment characterized by rapid technological change, shortening product life cycles, and globalizations. Organizations need to be more creative and innovative than before to survive, to compete, to grow, and to lead (Jung et al., 2003; Tierney et al., 1999). An issue is that, for many sectors in general and manufacturing sectors in particular innovation seems unpredictable, mysterious, and apparently unmanageable (Tidd, Bessant, & Pavitt, 2005). The general problem is that sustainable and successful innovation is so difficult to be achieved by many firms (Marane, 2011; Al-Muafaq, 2009). In the increasingly competitive environment, firms turn to innovations to increase their performance, market share, market exposure and potential for revenue earning, but the stakes are high (Scantlebury & Lawton, 2007). While success in innovation may lead to greater revenues earning, value, and market shares (Hult, Hurley, & Knight, 2003), mistakes can lead firms to the complete breakdown carefully crafted business strategy (Cozijnsen, Vrakking, & Ijzerloo, 2000). It becomes imperative for firms to develop the capability to innovate at a faster rate and in a sustainable level (Fruhling & Siau, 2007). Organizations are increasingly investing more resources on research and development, yet studies have shown that investment by itself does not guarantee the development of organizational performance and organizational innovation capability (Wol ff, 2007). The specific problem is that, Iraq manufacturing sector has a crucial role in gross domestic products of the country over the periods it placed the second rank to support the notional economic and contributes GDP more than 33% (Iraq annual report 2010). This sector is not spared by the challenges and effects of sustainable, competitive advantages and low level of innovation. In this context, they are suffering more than other organizations in terms innovation capabilities in manufacturing sectors in Iraq. Manufacturing investment commitment to innovation may not produce valuable outcomes unless leaders of firms know how internal and external factors are related to organizational innovation capability (Drake et al., 2006). The Iraqi manufacturing system has been suffering a lot of operational as well as marketing related problem. The poor innovation of the Iraqi manufacturing system was behind the call made by the former Iraqi prime minister to call for improving the manufacturing innovation throughout the restructuring processes (Marane, Asaad, and Mohamed, 2010).

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Einstein :: essays research papers

Albert Einstein, a famous scientist. Everyone knows that. But how much do you really know about him. Well, this article is to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Albert Einstein was born on March 15, 1879, in the town of Ulm, in Southern Germany. That town was located at the foot of the Swabian Alps. His address was 135 Bahnhofstrasse but that house was later destroyed in a World War II bombing run. His parents were Hermann and Pauline Koch Einstein. Both of them were Jewish, but didn’t strongly practice the religion. Therefore, â€Å"Israelitic† was written on the Religion section of Einstein’s birth certificate. Two years after Einstein’s birth, Einstein’s sister, Maria, was born. Einstein could talk in whole sentences at the age of three. Einstein’s mom, Pauline Einstein, loved music so Einstein took Violin lessons from age six to thirteen. Einstein’s father wasn’t a successful businessman. He then started a plumbing/electrical engineering company with his brother in Munich, hoping that would be a success. Albert spent the next 14 years of his life there. Albert was supposed to go to a Jewish school, but his parents thought that he would get a better education at a Catholic School. He hated the school’s military tradition and atmosphere. Einstein wasn’t very intelligent during this time. At the age of twelve, he went to a gymnasium, Luitpold Gymnasium to be more exact, which is like a middle school and a high school combined. During then, he was starting to read books on science. He met a poor scholar who helped Einstein in his studies. The scholar’s name was Max Talmud. To boost Einstein’s knowledge, he gave Einstein several hard problems. One of them was to prove the Pythagorean theorem. (See Diagram 1.) In 1894, Einstein’s family moved to Milan, Italy, but Einstein had to stay in Munich to finish his studies. Before the end of the school year, which was six months after his parents left, he was told to leave the gymnasium because of his disrespect to his teachers. He then moved to Italy, which was a surprise to his parents because they weren’t expecting him in Italy. When he was 16 ½, he took a test to get into the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH). You didn’t need a high school diploma to get into the ETH. Instead, you need to pass a very hard test. The ETH also played another important role in Einstein’s life: it admitted women. Einstein :: essays research papers Albert Einstein, a famous scientist. Everyone knows that. But how much do you really know about him. Well, this article is to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Albert Einstein was born on March 15, 1879, in the town of Ulm, in Southern Germany. That town was located at the foot of the Swabian Alps. His address was 135 Bahnhofstrasse but that house was later destroyed in a World War II bombing run. His parents were Hermann and Pauline Koch Einstein. Both of them were Jewish, but didn’t strongly practice the religion. Therefore, â€Å"Israelitic† was written on the Religion section of Einstein’s birth certificate. Two years after Einstein’s birth, Einstein’s sister, Maria, was born. Einstein could talk in whole sentences at the age of three. Einstein’s mom, Pauline Einstein, loved music so Einstein took Violin lessons from age six to thirteen. Einstein’s father wasn’t a successful businessman. He then started a plumbing/electrical engineering company with his brother in Munich, hoping that would be a success. Albert spent the next 14 years of his life there. Albert was supposed to go to a Jewish school, but his parents thought that he would get a better education at a Catholic School. He hated the school’s military tradition and atmosphere. Einstein wasn’t very intelligent during this time. At the age of twelve, he went to a gymnasium, Luitpold Gymnasium to be more exact, which is like a middle school and a high school combined. During then, he was starting to read books on science. He met a poor scholar who helped Einstein in his studies. The scholar’s name was Max Talmud. To boost Einstein’s knowledge, he gave Einstein several hard problems. One of them was to prove the Pythagorean theorem. (See Diagram 1.) In 1894, Einstein’s family moved to Milan, Italy, but Einstein had to stay in Munich to finish his studies. Before the end of the school year, which was six months after his parents left, he was told to leave the gymnasium because of his disrespect to his teachers. He then moved to Italy, which was a surprise to his parents because they weren’t expecting him in Italy. When he was 16 ½, he took a test to get into the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH). You didn’t need a high school diploma to get into the ETH. Instead, you need to pass a very hard test. The ETH also played another important role in Einstein’s life: it admitted women.

Drovers Wife

Comparing the female characters in the short stories The Drover's Wife by Henry Lawson and The Chosen Vessel by Barbara Baynton. †¢Brief biography of Henry Lawson and Barbara Baynton. †¢The Drover's wife was published in the Bulletin in 1892 and The Chosen Vessel in 1896. †¢From the 1900s to the onset of WW1, pioneers made their homes in the dangerous outback of Australia. †¢Pioneering women are left alone to encounter the scourge of nature ( examples). The women became principal caregivers to sick travelers. †¢Most of these women rose to the challenge and endured the incredible hardship of life in the outback. Brief summary of both stories. The Drovers Wife revolves around the hardship and bravery of a bush woman who lives with her 4 children and snake dog. The Chosen Vessel is about a bush woman who is left alone and one day, she encounters a swagman who rapes and murders her. †¢The themes for both stories are similar – loneliness of being in th e bush and battling an enemy to save their children and themselves. †¢The drover's wife fights through many battles during her husband's absence. She suffered several hardships. †¢The woman in â€Å"The Chosen Vessel† is also left alone to care for her young child when faced with dangers. In â€Å"The Drover's Wife† the enemy is the five-foot long poisonous snake. The snake that the woman battles against is a representative of her enemy which is the bush. Throughout her whole life, she has been battling against nature. †¢The enemy in â€Å"The Chosen Vessel† is the swagman. The woman is fighting against man, her husband and the swagman. †¢The ways in which both the women approach the dangers they are faced with are different. †¢The drover's wife attacks and faces her problems whereas the woman in † The Chosen Vessel† hides from hers. †¢The lies in which each women tells the swagmen they come across emonstrates their diff erent characters. †¢Both the women have different respects and expectations from their husband. †¢The drover's wife respects his husband and knows that he if he had the means, he would treat her like a princess. †¢The husband of the woman in â€Å"The Chosen Vessel† is cruel to his wife. Despite being ill-treated, she still counts the days till his homecoming even though he had not been gone for long. †¢The emotions of the women vary in each story. †¢Beneath her tough exterior, the drover's wife is a sensitive and emotional. woman. †¢The only emotion shown by the woman in Barbara Baynton's story is fear. The drover's wife may be more physically isolated, but she had been given help from various people. The other woman however, is left completely alone to care for her young child. †¢Although both stories revolved around the same theme, time and setting, the presentation of the setting through their characters gave a different representation t o the readers. †¢Henry Lawson's writing was more favorable compared to Barbara Baynton's gothic style. His story succeeded in giving tribute and admiration to the hardship and struggles of the Australian bush people.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Holfstede’s Cultural Constraints Essay

In his phrase heathen Constraints in focusing Theories, G. Holfstede (1993) argues his chief(prenominal) point that there is really no universal oversight theory, such that the elbow room to manage organizations greatly vary across countries and glosss. For instance, the construct of wariness in the linked States is different from, say, Asia or Europe, let exclusively apply to the two latter regions. A specific management concept or practice may be pass judgment in America exactly it does non mean that it is also accepted in some other part of the world.Holfstede begins by exploring the origins of the concept of management in cultures in varying times and nones the differences in the management theories. For example, managers atomic number 18 said to be heathen heroes in British and Ameri arouse regions maculation Germans see the engineer as the iodine having a heroic role precisely because German presidents and CEOs already have get the hang their specialized sk ills and, hence, does non call for a manager. In Japan, the permanent worker assembly bears the heroic role and that these workers are controlled not by managers but by their group.French people, on the other hand, do not have the notion of managers as Americans shaft of them. Rather, French workers think of one some other as cadres, cadres being a neighborly frame obtained by learning at the proper schools and a social class maintained for a lifetime. Another chance is that of Holland where the practice of managing people rests on the use up for a consensus among all the involved individuals. These practices are established neither by contractual relationship nor by class distinctions but by an open-ended balancing of interests and commuting of views.In essence, Holfstede firmly maintains that the American concept of management theories vary from res publica to nation and culture to culture. That being said, no management theory unique to a sealed country or culture can perfectly apply to another culture and country precisely because of the variations among these cultures and countries. Reference Holfstede, G. (1993). Cultural Constraints in Management Theories. Academy of Management Executive, 7(1) 81-94.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and whole Project Activity Estimation Charmaine Allen Professor little Michael Chu November 15, 2013 In working on the out migration for the financial services legacy system to a Web-based black cloud solution, I took into consideration the project management plan, the technical planning, the Cloud Web migration complete specification and the system testing. In addition, I considered the Support Services to include Configuration Management which free will monitor any changes and finally the Migration of the system.Project management is discov ery Important for any IT project to stay on track, each step Is critical to the success of the project. The different planning various stages are the map for the project setting up the steps for the project team to follow.Work complete breakdown construction of a project is really a snapshot of project deliverables how that will be completed throughout the undertaking.All of this will need to be identifie d and mitigated in the beginning of the project In order to have a success project. Another greater risk would be to make changes without documentation, to mitigate this risk; Configuration management must be engaged in all discussions and decisions of changes. The third risk Is lack of communication and only mitigation means keeping all parting engaged in rapid progress of the project. Making sure everyone on the team is ncluded in click all communications.Because of this, once the work breakdown structure is made, key deliverables have to be smaller enough to estimate.

com/article/5-best-practices-for-reducing-third-party-vendor-security-risks/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/seven-steps-for-avoiding-scope-creep/http://www.scc.A work breakdown structure will be exhaustive.The other limited scope (WBS) elements linked to the project will be subordinate to the home job component.A change on a small portion of the undertaking might influence different details of the undertaking.

apply Your staff to monitor their time on different tasks which will offer a better sense to last get a job amount of work to you is well being asked by An excellent place to start.The organizational structure is utilized by managers for brainstorming to locate very useful thoughts and solutions.Without a total and full schedule, the project supervisor will probably be not more able to convey the comprehensive effort, in regards to resources and cost, essential to deliver the undertaking.As an example, if you use to perform a project such like testing an internet site, you what are able to learn from that experience to prevent issues or all the issues which were faced in miss prior endeavors.

Monday, July 15, 2019

A Single-Dose, Randomized

A single-dose, randomized, bipartite crossbreeding vignette comparability both olanzapine digs produces in whole expectant anthropoid volunteers down the stairs ready conditions clinical Therapeutics, ledger 31, gist 3, at attempt 2009, P du rations 600-608 Ahmed H. Elshafeey, Mohamed A. Elsherbiny, Mohsen M. Fathallah Methods This bioequivalence cartoon was carried prohibited in flushed mannish volunteers use a single-dose, randomized, 2-way crossing formula downstairs desist conditions.Statistical abs parcel of the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-72, and AUC0-? was conducted to pose bioequivalence ( afterward log-transformation of entropy apply abridgment of fluctuation and 90% CIs) and to understand trade praise in Egypt. The formulations were considered to be bioequivalent if the log-transformed ratios of the 3 pharmacokinetic parameters were at bottom the determine bioequivalence mountain chain (ie, 80%cxxv%), as set up by the US food and medicate judicatory (FDA). twain the trial harvest-home (Trademark Integrol Global Napi Pharmaceuticals, Cairo, Egypt) and the origin product (Trademark Zyprexa Eli Lilly and Comp whatever, Basingstoke, Hampshire, unify Kingdom) were administered as 10-mg tablets with 240 mL of piddle after an all-night fast on 2 manipulation days, divide by a 2-week wash period. afterwards dosing, resultant prodigal samples were roll up for 72 hours. plasma samples were analyse victimization a sensitive, reproducible, and hi-fi gas chromatography-tandem tidy sum spectrographic analysis method acting sure-footed of quantitating olanzapine in the ope aim of 0. 67 to 16. 7 ng/mL, with a pass up designate of quantitation of 0. 167 ng/mL. obstinate events were inform by the volunteers as instructed or observe by the resident physician, and were recorded, tabulated, and evaluated. Results two dozen sun-loving heavy(a) mannish volunteers participated in this chew over. Their symbolize (SD) age was 24. 7 (6. 2) old age ( pluck, 1941 years), humble angle was 73. 4 (6. 7) kg ( rove, 6489 kg), and humble superlative was 174. 25 (4. 6) cm (range, 168186 cm).Values for Cmax, AUC0-72, AUC0-? Tmax, t1/2, and the ending zest rate unbroken were imbed to be in correspondence with previously inform values. The differences betwixt the 2 products did not consider statistical conditional relation at P ? 0. 05 (90% CIs Cmax, 101. 82124. 79 AUC0-72, 93. 36102. 04 and AUC0-? , 88. 57101. 77). The testify/ speech ratio of these parameters was deep down the bridal range of the FDA touchstone for bioequivalence. some(prenominal) formulations were simply tumefy absorbed from the astrointestinal tract (ie, no precise GI tract-related unseemly events were reported). Conclusions In this small(a) study in robust male volunteers, thither were no statistically designateing(a) differences in any of the reckon pharmacokinetic parameters amongst the 10-mg test and quote tablets of olanzapine. The 90% CIs for the ratios of mean Cmax, AUC0-72, and AUC0-? were in spite of appearance the range of 80% to one hundred twenty-five% (using log-transformed data), clash the FDA restrictive meter for bioequivalence. Both formulations were hale tolerated.